Abstract
Lipase from Bacillus subtilis is a “lidless” lipase that does not show interfacial activation. Due to exposure of the active site to solvent, the lipase tends to aggregate. We have investigated the solution properties and unfolding of the lipase in guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) to understand its aggregation behavior and stability. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), near- and far-UV circular dichroism, activity and intrinsic fluorescence of lipase suggest that the protein undergoes unfolding between 1 M and 2 M GdmCl. The polarity sensitive dye, 1,1′,-bis-(4anilino)naphthalene-5,5″-disulfonic acid (bis-ANS), a probe for hydrophobic pockets, binds cooperatively to the native lipase. An intermediate populated in 1.75 M GdmCl that strongly binds bis-ANS was identified. Tendency of the native protein to aggregate in solution and specific binding to bis-ANS confirms that the lipase has exposed hydrophobic pockets and this surface hydrophobicity strongly influences the unfolding pathway of the lipase in GdmCl.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Acharya, P., and Rao, N. M. (2002). Langmuir 18: 3018–3026.
Cygler, M., and Schrag, J. D. (1997). Meth. Enzymol. 284: 3–27.
Kelly, S. M., and Price, N. C. (1997). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1338: 161–185.
Kundu, B., and Guptasarma, P. (1999). Proteins 37: 21–24.
Dartois, V., Baulard, A., Schanck, K., and Colson, C. (1992). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1131: 253–260.
Eftink, M. R., and Ghiron, C. A. (1981). Anal. Biochem. 114: 199–227.
Fasman, G. D. (ed.) (1976). CRC Handbook of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (3rd Edition) CRC Press: Ohio.
Ghosh, D., Erman, M., Sawicki, M., Lala, P., Weeks, D. R., Li, N., et al. (1999). Acta Crystallogr. D 55: 779–784.
Jaeger, K.-E., Dijkstra, B. W., and Reetz, M. T. (1999). Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 53: 315–351.
Jutila, A., Zhu, K., Patkar, S. A., Vind, J., Svendsen, A., and Kinnunen, P. V. J. (2000). Biophys. J. 78: 1634–1642.
Krishna Sharma, K., Kaur, H., Kumar, G. S., and Kester, K. (1998). J. Biol. Chem. 273: 8965–8970.
Lakowicz, J. R. (1983). Principles of fluorescence spectroscopy, Plenum Press, New York.
Lesuisse, E., Schanck, K., and Colson, C. (1993). Eur. J. Biochem. 216: 155–160.
Martinez, C., de Gues, P., Lauwereys, M., Matthyssens, G., and Cambillau, C. (1992). Nature 356: 615–618.
Melo, E. P., Taipa, M. A., Castellar, M. R., Costa, S. M. B., and Cabral, J. M. S. (2000). Biophys. Chem. 87: 111–120.
Petersen, S. B., and Drabl#tos, F. (1994). In: Lipases: Their Structure, Biochemistry and Applications (Woolley, P., and Petersen, S. B. Eds.) Cambridge University, Press, pp 23–48.
Markwell, M. A. K., Hass, S. M., Tolbert, N. E., and Bieber, L. L. (1981). Meth. Enzymol. 72: 296–303.
Misset, O., Gerritse, G., Jaeger, K. E., Winkler, U., Colson, C., Schanck, K., et al. (1994). Protein Eng. 7: 523–529.
Pouderoyen, G., Eggert, T., Jaeger, K. E., and Djikstra, B. W. (2001). J. Mol. Biol. 309: 215–226.
Privalov, P. L. (1992). In: Protein Folding (Creighton, T. E. ed.) pp 83–126, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York.
Rosen, C. G., and Weber, G. (1969). Biochemistry 8: 3915–3920.
Smoot, A. L., Panda, M., Brazil, B. T., Buckle, A. M., Fersht, A. R., and Horowitz, P. M. (2001). Biochemistry 40: 4484–4492.
Shi, L., Palleros, D. R., and Fink, A. L. (1994). Biochemistry 33: 7536–7546.
Thomas, J. A., Buchsbaum, R. N., Zimniak, A., and Racker, E. (1979). Biochemistry 18: 2210–2218.
Tombs, M. P., and Blake, G. G. (1982). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 700: 81–89.
Verger, R. (1997). Trends Biotechnol. 15: 32.
Zhu, K., Jutila, A., and Kinnunen, P. V. J. (2000). Protein Sci. 9: 598–609.
Zhu, K., Jutila, A., Tuominen, E. K. J., Patkar, S. A., Svendsen, A., and Kinnunen, P. V. J. (2001a). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1547: 329–338.
Zhu, K., Jutila, A., Tuominen, E. K. J., and Kinnunen, P. V. J. (2001b). Protein Sci. 10: 339–351. —-
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Acharya, P., Madhusudhana Rao, N. Stability Studies on a Lipase from Bacillus subtilis in Guanidinium Chloride. J Protein Chem 22, 51–60 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023067827678
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023067827678