Skip to main content
Log in

Child Psychosocial Functioning and Parent Quality of Life Among Clinically Referred Children

  • Published:
Journal of Child and Family Studies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We examined factors that account for quality of life among parents of clinically referred children. Families (N = 201) of children (ages 3-14) referred for oppositional, aggressive, and antisocial behavior participated. Parent and family contextual factors and child psychosocial functioning (symptoms and impairment) were predicted to influence parents' quality of life. As predicted, socioeconomic disadvantage, parent stress and psychopathology, poor interpersonal relations, and limited social support were related to lower levels of quality of life. Once these factors were controlled, child psychosocial functioning also contributed positively to quality of life. Further research on quality of life in the family can have important implications for understanding the context of both child and parent functioning.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Abidin, R. R. (1990). Parenting Stress Index clinical manual. Charlottesville, VA: Pediatric Psychology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4–18 and 1991 Profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.—Revised). Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976). Social indicators of well-being: American's perceptions of quality of life. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aneshensel, C. S., & Stone, J. D. (1982). Stress and depression: A test of the buffering model of social support. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39, 1392-1396.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, B. L., Landen, S. J., & Kashima, K. J. (1991). Effects of parent training on families with children who are mentally retarded: Increased burden or generalized benefit? American Journal of Mental Retardation, 96, 127-136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baruffol, E., Gisle, L., & Corten, P. (1995). Life satisfaction as a mediator between distressing events and neurotic impairment in a general population. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 92, 56-62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 53-63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, R. Q., & Harper, L. (1977). Child effects on adults. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brett, J. F., Brief, A. P., Burke, M. J., George, J. M., & Webster, J. (1990). Negative affectivity, and the reporting of stressful life events. Health Psychology, 9, 57-68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., & Rodgers, W.L. (1976). The quality of American life. New York: Russell Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chamberlain, K. (1988). On the structure of well-being. Social Indicators Research, 20, 581-604.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chambers, W. J., Puig-Antich, J., Hirsch, M., Paez, P., Ambrosini, P. J., Tabrizi, M. A., & Davies, M. (1985). The assessment of affective disorders in children and adolescents by semi-structured interview: Test-retest reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 696-702.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowen, E. (1991). In pursuit of wellness. American Psychologist, 46, 404-408.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, R. A. (1996). The domains of life satisfaction: An attempt to order chaos. Social Indicators Research, 38, 303-328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derogatis, L. R., & Cleary, P. A. (1977). Confirmation of the dimensional structure of the SCL-90: A study in construct validation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33, 981-989.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E., & Diener M. (1995). Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 653-663.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donenberg, G., & Baker, B. L. (1993). The impact of young children with externalizing behaviors on their families. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 21, 179-198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dworkin, R. H., Hartstein, G., Rosner, H. L., Walther, R. R., Sweeney, E. W., & Brand, L. (1992). A high-risk method for studying psychological antecedents of chronic pain: The prospective investigation of herpes zoster. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 200-205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster, S. L., & Robin, A. L. (1997). Family conflict and communication in adolescence. In E. J. Mash & L. G. Terdal (Eds.), Assessment of childhood disorders (3rd ed., pp. 627-682). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frisch, M. B. (1992a). Test manual and treatment guide for the quality of life inventory. Waco TX: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frisch, M. B. (1992b). Use of the Quality of Life Inventory in problem assessment and treatment planning for cognitive therapy of depression. In A. Freeman & F. Dattilio (Eds.), Comprehensive casebook of cognitive therapy (pp. 27-52). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frisch, M. B. (1998). Quality of life therapy and assessment in health care. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5, 19-40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frisch, M. B., Cornell, J., Villanueva, M., & Retzlaff, P. J. (1992). Clinical validation of the quality of life inventory: A measure of life satisfaction for use in treatment planning and outcome assessment. Psychological Assessment, 4, 92-101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glenn, N. D., & McLanahan, S. (1981). The effects of offspring on the psychological well being of older adults. Journal of Marriage and Family, 43, 138-150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glenn, N. D., & Weaver, C. N. (1981). The contribution of marital happiness to global happiness. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 43, 161-168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griest, D. L., & Forehand, R. (1982). How can I get any parent training done with all these other problems going on? The role of family variables in child behavior therapy. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 4, 73-80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guidubaldi, J., & Cleminshaw, H. K. (1985). The development of the Cleminshaw-Guidubaldi parent satisfaction scale. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 14, 293-298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Headey, B., Kelley, J., & Wearing, A. (1993). Dimensions of mental health: Life satisfaction, positive affect, anxiety, and depression. Social Indicators Research, 29, 63-82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Headey, B., Veenhoven, R., & Wearing, A. (1991). Top-down versus bottom-up theories of subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 24, 81-100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollingshead, A. B. (1975). Four-factor index of social status. New Haven, CT: Yale University, Department of Sociology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E. (1995). Conduct disorders in childhood and adolescence (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E. (1996). Problem solving and parent management training in treating aggressive and antisocial behavior. In E. Hibbs & P. S. Jensen (Eds.) Psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent disorders: Empirically based strategies for clinical practice (pp. 377-408). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E., & Crowley, M. J. (1997). Moderators of treatment outcome in cognitively based treatment of antisocial children. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 21, 185-207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E., & Esveldt-Dawson, K. (1986). The Interview for Antisocial Behavior: Psychometric characteristics and concurrent validity with child psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 8, 289-303.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E., & Mazurick, J. L. (1994). Dropping out of child psychotherapy: Distinguishing early and late dropouts over the course of treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 1069-1074.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E., Mazurick, J. L., & Bass, D. (1993). Risk for attrition in treatment of antisocial children and families. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 22, 2-16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E., Siegel, T., & Bass, D. (1992). Cognitive problem-solving skills training and parent management training in the treatment of antisocial behavior in children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 733-747.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kochanska, G., Kuczynski, L., & Radke-Yarrow, M. (1989). Correspondence between mothers' self-reported and observed child-rearing practices. Child Development, 60, 56-63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moos, R. H., & Moos, B. S. (1981). Family Environment Scale manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mouton, P. Y., & Tuma, J. M. (1988). Stress, locus of control, and role satisfaction in clinic and control mothers. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 17, 217-224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers, D. G., & Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy? Psychological Science, 6, 10-19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robins, L. N., & Rutter, M. (Eds.). (1990). Straight and devious pathways from childhood to adulthood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roxburgh, S. (1997). The effect of children on the mental health of women in the paid labor force. Journal of Family Issues, 18, 270-289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silverberg, S. B., & Steinberg, L. (1987). Adolescent autonomy, parent-adolescent conflict, and parental well-being. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, 293-312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spilker, B. (1990). Quality of life assessments in clinical trials. New York: Raven Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strupp, H. H. (1996). The tripartite model and the Consumer Reports study. American Psychologist, 51, 1017-1024.

    Google Scholar 

  • Veenhoven, R. (1984). Conditions of happiness. Boston: Reidel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vitaliano, P. P., Dougherty, C. M., & Siegler, I. C. (1994). Biopsychosocial risks for cardiovascular disease. In R. P. Abeles, H. C. Gift, & M. G. Ory (Eds.), Aging and quality of life (pp. 145-159). NY: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webster-Stratton, C. (1985). Predictors of treatment outcome in parent training for conduct disordered children. Behavior Therapy, 16, 223-243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, D. (1974). Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised. New York: Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheaton, B. (1990). Life transitions, role histories, and mental health. American Sociological Review, 55, 209-223.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Crowley, M.J., Kazdin, A.E. Child Psychosocial Functioning and Parent Quality of Life Among Clinically Referred Children. Journal of Child and Family Studies 7, 233–251 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022999401298

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022999401298

Navigation