Abstract
Recent observations of large scale structure of the Universe, especially that of Type Ia supernovae, indicate that the Universe is flat and is accelerating, and that the dominant energy density in the Universe is the cosmic dark energy. We propose a model in which the cosmic effective Yang-Mills condensate familiar in particle physics plays the role of the dark energy that causes the acceleration of the Universe. Since the quantum effective Yang-Mills field in certain states has the equation of state p y = −ρ y , when employed as the cosmic matter source, it naturally results in an accelerating expansion of the Universe. With the matter components (Ω m ∼ 1/3) being added into the model, the composition of YM condensate and matter components can give rise to the desired equation of state w ∼ −2/3 for the Universe.
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Zhang, Y. Letter: A Model of Dark Energy for the Accelerating Universe. General Relativity and Gravitation 35, 689–696 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022970219502
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022970219502