Abstract
In dealing with the wavefunction of the universe there is a debate on the various proposals about the boundary condition of the wavefunction of the universe. At present we have three proposals, namely, the Hartle-Hawking proposal, the tunneling proposal and the Linde proposal. Recently it has been argued that the operator ambiguity factor has a decisive role in deciding the consequences of the various wavefunction at the zero scale factor region. In the present paper we discuss the role of operator ordering in the light of wormhole dominance proposal proposed by one of the authors and compare the results with that of others obtained earlier. We present an interpretation of operator ordering as a contribution of some sort of matter fields and discuss the role of complex path WKB analysis in avoiding the initial singularity and allowing us to incorporate the contribution of wormhole in the wavefunction of the universe.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Vilenkin, A. (1986). Phys. Rev. D 33, 3560.
Garriga, J., and Vilenkin, A. (1997). Phys. Rev. D 56, 2464.
Linde, A. D. (1984). Nuovo Cimento 39, 401.
Linde, A. D. (1998). Phys. Rev. D 58, 083514. gr-qc/9802038.
Biswas, S., Modak, B., and Biswas, D. (1996). Phys. Rev. D 55, 4673.
Kontoleon, N., and Wiltshire, D. L. (1999). Phys. Rev. D 59, 063513.
Vilenkin, A. (1998). Phys. Rev. D 58, 067301.
Vilenkin, A. (1988). Phys. Rev. D 37, 888.
Hawking, S. W., and Page, D. N. (1986). Nucl. Phys. B 264, 185.
Halliwell, J. J., and Myers, R. C. (1989). Phys. Rev. D 40, 4011.
Klebanov, I., Susskind, L., and Banks, T. (1989). Nucl. Phys. B 317, 665.
Biswas, S., Shaw, A., Modak, B., and Biswas, D. (1999). Gen. Rel. Grav. 31, 1015.
Halliwell, J. J., and Myers, R. C. (1988). Phys. Rev. D 39, 2206.
Lyons, G. W. (1992). Phys. Rev. D 46, 1546.
Unruh, W. G., and Jheeta, M. (1998), Preprint. gr-qc/9812017.
Biswas, S., Guha, J., and Sarkar, N. G. (1995). Class. Quant. Grav. 12, 1591.
Biswas, S., Guha, J., and Sarkar, N. G. (1995). Class. Quant. Grav. 12, 1642.
Biswas, S., Shaw, A., Modak, B., and Biswas, D. (2000). Gen. Rel. Grav. 32, 2167.
Gott, J. R. III, and Li, Li-Xin. (1999). Phys. Rev. D 58, 023501.
Bousso, R., and Hawking, S. W. (1997). Phys. Rev. D 56, 2464.
Mijic et al. (1989). Phys. Rev. D 39, 1496.
Hawking, S. W., and Page, (1990). D. Phys. Rev. D 42, 2655.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Biswas, S., Chowdhury, I. & Misra, P. Does Operator Ordering Need Wormhole Dominance in the Wavefunction of the Universe?. General Relativity and Gravitation 35, 545–566 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022949714959
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022949714959