Abstract
Hearth furnace coke (HOK), a special type of lignite (brown-coal)coke produced in a manufacturing process called `hearth furnace process', and portlandite (Ca(OH)2) particles were placed ina circulating fluidized bed reactor. Defined model waste gases containing HCl/SO2/Hg0/Hg2+ and organic compounds were injected into the reactor to investigate the adsorption of different mercury species. Elemental mercuryreacted immediately with HCl to form HgCl2, but for Hg2+ further investigations had to be made, because todaygas cleaning plants still have problems in observing national limits for the mercury output. The temperature, the mercury content of the gas, and its content of acid compounds as majorinfluences in cleaning exhaust gases were varied without relevantpositive effects on the adsorption rate which decreased from nearly 100% in the first five minutes to unsatisfactory20% some minutes later. The mercury load on the HOK particles onlyshowed a value of 60 μg Hg g-1 HOK. Then organic compounds (guide pollutants such as 1-chlorobutane, monochlorobenzene, toluene, and naphthalene, which are alwayspresent in incineration plant exhaust gases) were added to thegas stream and the results improved significantly. The mercuryload on the HOK particles varied depending on the chemical nature of the organic compound and amounted to 300 μg Hg g-1 HOK maximum. The measured values of mercury in the clean gas stream fell below 10 μg m-3. The characterization of the dynamic behavior of mercury in hot, acid waste gases and the analytical identification of mercurysticking to HOK under the influence of organic compounds leadto new methods for improving the effectiveness and performanceof gas cleaning plants.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Blumbach, J. and Nethe, L. P.: 1992, ‘SORBALLIT - A New Economic Approach ReducingMercury and Dioxin Emissions’, 85th Annual Meeting Kansas City, Missouri.
Braun, H., Metzger, M. and Vogg, H.: 1986, Zur Problematik der Quecksilber-Abscheidung aus Rauchgasen von Müllverbrennungsanlagen 2. Teil Müll und Abfall 3.
Braun, H., Metzger, M. and Vogg, H.: 1988, ‘Die Verbesserung der Abscheidung von Quecksilber aus Rauchgasen der Müllverbrennung’, Chem. Ing. Tech. 60, 135.
Buck, R. P., Singhadeja, S. and Rogers, L. B.: 1954, ‘Ultraviolet absorption spectra of some inorganic ions in aqueous solution’, Anal. Chem. 26, 1240.
European Patent Application: 1997, EP 0794 240 A1.
Hall, B., Schager, P. and Lindqvist, O.: 1991, ‘Chemical reaction of mercury in combustion flue gases’, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 56, 3.
Matsumura, Y.: 1974, Atmosph. Environ. 8, 1321.
Matthiessen, A.: 1996, ‘Kinetic aspects of the reduction of mercury ions by humic substances’, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 354, 747.
Schroeder, W. H.: 1991, ‘Transformation processes involving mercury species in the atmosphere’, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 56, 653.
Schwarz, G.: 1991, Dissertation, Universität Heidelberg.
Sinha, R. K. and Walker, P. L.: 1972, Carbon 10, 754.
Stumpf, T., Morun, B., Schmidt, P.-U. and Strodt, P.: 1991, ‘Die Herausforderung 17. BImSchV.-wirtschaftlich erfüllbar mit dem modifizierten konditionierten Trockensorptionsverfahren (MKT)’, Kraftwerkstechnik 71, 849.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ewert, G., Paulsen, T. & Linscheid, M. Immobilization of Mercury Species under the Influence of Typical Organic Compounds in Waste Gases by the Circulating Fluidized Bed. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 144, 141–148 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022907800924
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022907800924