Abstract
Mature zygotic embryos of Paspalum scrobiculatum L. cv. PSC 1 on MS or N6 nutrient medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2,4-D (4.5 – 22.5 µM) formed embryogenic callus, which differentiated into somatic embryos within 5 weeks of culture. The somatic embryos after transfer to hormone-free regeneration medium germinated and formed plantlets. Of the two nutrient formulations, N6 was relatively better than MS for somatic embryogenesis. A culture for 11 d on 100 µM 2,4-D was essential for the establishment of an embryogenic callus. Shorter duration, 4-d or 7-d culture on 2,4-D medium, supported some proliferation and subsequent differentiation into shoot-buds or multiple-shoots, in high-frequency cultures. This is first instance in monocots of a controlled regeneration response; either somatic embryogenesis or shoot formation.
References
Abdullah, R., Cocking, E.C., Thompson, JA.: Efficient plant regeneration from rice protoplasts through somatic embryogenesis.-Bio/Technology 4: 1087–1090, 1986.
Arockiasamy, S., Prakash, S., Ignacimuthu, S.: High regenerative nature of Paspalum scrobiculatum L., an important millet crop.-Curr. Sci. 80: 496–498, 2001.
Bhaskaran, S., Smith, R.H.: Regeneration in cereal tissue culture: a review.-Crop Sci. 30: 1328–1336, 1990.
Bovo, O.A., Mroginski, L.A.: Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cultured mature and immature embryos of Paspalum notatum (Gramineae).-Plant Sci. 65: 217–223, 1989.
Chu, C.C., Wang, C.C., Sun, C.S., Hsu, C., Yin, K.C., Chu, C.Y., Bi, F.Y.: Establishment of an efficient medium for anther culture of rice through comparative experiments on the nitrogen sources.-Sci. sin. 18: 659–668, 1975.
Everett, N.P., Wach, M.J., Ashworth, D.J.: Biochemical markers of embryogenesis in tissue cultures of the maize inbred B73.-Plant Sci. 41: 133–140, 1985.
Fransz, P.E., de Ruijter, N.C.A., Schel, J.H.N.: Isozymes as biochemical as cytochemical markers in embryogenic callus cultures of maize (Zea mays).-Plant Cell Rep. 218: 143–151, 1989.
García, M.D., Molina, M.delC.: Embryo rescue and induction of somatic embryogenesis as a method to overcome seed inviability in Zea mays ssp. mays × Zea mays ssp. parviglumis crosses.-Biol. Plant. 44: 497–501, 2001.
Havrlentová, M., Faragó, J., Nešt'áková, M.: Regeneration of immature inflorescence of barley in vitro.-Biol. Plant. 44: 157–159, 2001.
Lowe, K., Taylor, D.B., Ryan, P., Paterson, K.E.: Plant regeneration via organogenesis and embryogenesis in the maize inbred line B73.-Plant Sci. 41: 125–132, 1985.
Morocz, S., Donn, G., Nemeth, J., Dudits, D.: An improved system to obtain fertile regenerants via maize protoplasts isolated from a highly embryogenic suspension culture.-Theor. appl. Genet. 80: 721–726, 1990.
Murashige, T., Skoog, F.: A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures.-Physiol. Plant. 15: 473–497, 1962.
Nayak, P., Sen, S.K.: Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis from suspension cultures of a minor millet, Paspalum scrobiculatum.-Plant Cell Rep. 8: 296–299, 1989.
Talwar, M., Rashid, A.: Factors affecting formation of somatic embryos and embryogenic callus from unemerged inflorescence of a graminaceous crop Pennisetum.-Ann. Bot. 66: 17–21, 1990.
Vasil, I.K.: Somatic embryogenesis and its consequences in the Gramineae.-In: Henke, R.R., Hughes, K.W., Constantin, M.P., Hollaender, A. (ed.): Tissue Culture in Forestry and Agriculture. Pp. 31–47. Plenum Press, New York 1985.
Vasil, V., Redway, F., Vasil, I.K.: Regeneration of plants from embryogenic suspension culture protoplasts of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).-Bio/Technology 8: 429–434, 1990.
Vikrant, Rashid, A.: Direct as well as indirect somatic embryogenesis from immature (unemerged ) inflorescence of a minor millet Paspalum scrobiculatum L.-Euphytica 120: 167–172, 2001.
Wang, D.Y., Vasil, I.K.: Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from inflorescence segments of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. (napier or elephant grass).-Plant Sci. Lett. 25: 147–154, 1982.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vikrant, Rashid, A. Somatic Embryogenesis or Shoot Formation Following High 2,4-D Pulse-Treatment of Mature Embryos of Paspalum scrobiculatum . Biologia Plantarum 46, 297–300 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022875332607
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022875332607