Skip to main content
Log in

Real and Virtual Compton Scattering at Low Energies

  • Published:
Czechoslovak Journal of Physics Aims and scope

Abstract

These lectures give a pedagogical introduction to real and virtual Compton scattering at low energies. We will first discuss real Compton scattering by a point particle as well as a composite system in the framework of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. The concept of electromagnetic polarizabilities is introduced. We then address the description of the Compton scattering tensor within quantum field theory with particular emphasis on the derivation of low-energy theorems. The importance of a consistent treatment of the hadron structure in the use of the electromagnetic vertices is stressed. Finally, the reader is introduced to the notion of generalized polarizabilities in the rapidly expanding field of the virtual Compton scattering.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A. H. Compton: Phys. Rev. 21 (1923) 483.

    Google Scholar 

  2. P. Debye: Z. Phys. 24 (1923) 165.

    Google Scholar 

  3. R. H. Stuewer and M. J. Cooper: in Compton Scattering (Ed. B. Williams), McGraw-Hill, New York, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  4. O. Klein and Y. Nishina: Z. Phys. 52 (1929) 853.

    Google Scholar 

  5. J. L. Powell: Phys. Rev. 75 (1949) 32.

    Google Scholar 

  6. W. Thirring: Philos. Mag. 41 (1950) 1193.

    Google Scholar 

  7. N. M. Kroll and M. A. Ruderman: Phys. Rev. 93 (1954) 233.

    Google Scholar 

  8. F. E. Low: Phys. Rev. 96 (1954) 1428.

    Google Scholar 

  9. M. Gell-Mann and M. L. Goldberger: Phys. Rev. 96 (1954) 1433.

    Google Scholar 

  10. P. A. M. Guichon, G. Q. Liu, and A. W. Thomas: Nucl. Phys. A 591 (1995)606.

    Google Scholar 

  11. J. L. Friar: in Proc. Workshop on Electron-Nucleus Scattering, Marciana Marina, June 1988 (Eds. A. Fabrocini et al. ), World Scientific, Singapore, 1989.

  12. B. R. Holstein: Comments Nucl. Part. Phys. 19 (1990)239.

    Google Scholar 

  13. B. R. Holstein: Comments Nucl. Part. Phys. 20 (1992)301.

    Google Scholar 

  14. V. A. P etrunkin: Sov. J. Part. Nucl. 12 (1981)271.

    Google Scholar 

  15. A. I. L'vov: Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 8 (1993)5267.

    Google Scholar 

  16. D. Drechsel (Convener)et al,: in Proc. Workshop Chiral Dynamics: Theory and Experiment, Mainz (Germany), September 1997 (Eds. A. M. Bernstein, D. Drechsel, and Th. Walcher), Springer, Berlin, 1998.

  17. P. A. M. Guichon and M. Vanderhaeghen: Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 41 (1998)125.

    Google Scholar 

  18. S. Scherer, G. I. Poulis, and H. W. Fearing: Nucl. Phys. A 570 (1994)686.

    Google Scholar 

  19. J. J. Sakurai: Modern Quantum Mechanics, Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  20. V. A. Petrunkin: Nucl. Phys. 55 (1964)197.

    Google Scholar 

  21. T. E. O. Ericson and J. Hiifner: Nucl. Phys. B 57 (1973)604.

    Google Scholar 

  22. J. L. Friar: Ann. Phys. (N. Y. ) 95 (1975)170.

    Google Scholar 

  23. B. K. Jennings: Phys. Lett. B 196 (1987)307.

    Google Scholar 

  24. J. C. Ward: Phys. Rev. 78, 182 (1950)182.

  25. Y. Takahashi: Nuovo Cim. 6 (1957)371.

    Google Scholar 

  26. T. E. Rudy, H. W. Fearing, and S. Scherer: Phys. Rev. C 50 (1994)447.

    Google Scholar 

  27. G. Barton: Introduction to Dispersion Techniques in Field Theory, Benjamin, New York, 1965, Chap. 8–3.

    Google Scholar 

  28. A. M. Bincer: Phys. Rev. 118 (1960)855.

    Google Scholar 

  29. H. W. L. Naus and J. H. Koch: Phys. Rev. C 36 (1987)2459.

    Google Scholar 

  30. J. S. R. Chisholm: Nucl. Phys. 26 (1961)469.

    Google Scholar 

  31. S. Kamefuchi, L. O'Raifeartaigh, and A. Salam: Nucl. Phys. 28 (1961)529.

    Google Scholar 

  32. S. Coleman, J. Wess, and B. Zumino: Phys. Rev. 177 (1969) 2239.

    Google Scholar 

  33. S. Scherer and H. W. Fearing: Phys. Rev. D 52 (1995)6445.

    Google Scholar 

  34. J. D. Bjorken and S. D. Drell: Relativistic Quantum Mechanics McGraw-Hill, New York, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  35. E. Kazes: Nuovo Cim. 13 (1959)1226.

    Google Scholar 

  36. S. Scherer, A. Yu. Korchin, and J. H. Koch: Phys. Rev. C 54 (1996)904.

    Google Scholar 

  37. H. W. Fearing and S. Scherer: Few-Body Syst. 23 (1998)111.

    Google Scholar 

  38. P. C. Kecking and G. F. Bertsch: Phys. Lett. B 99 (1981)237.

    Google Scholar 

  39. E. M. Nyman: Phys. Lett. B 142 (1984)388.

    Google Scholar 

  40. A. Schafer, B. Miiller, D. Vasak, and W. Greiner: Phys. Lett. B 143 (1984)323.

    Google Scholar 

  41. R. Weiner and W. Weise: Phys. Lett. B 159 (1985)85.

    Google Scholar 

  42. M. Chemtob: Nucl. Phys. A 473 (1987)613.

    Google Scholar 

  43. N. N. Scoccola and W. Weise: Phys. Lett. B 232 (1989)287.

    Google Scholar 

  44. V. Bernard, N. Kaiser, J. Kambor, and U.-G. Meifiner: Nucl. Phys. B 388 (1992) 314.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Z. Li: Phys. Rev. D 48 (1993)3070.

    Google Scholar 

  46. T. R. Hemmert, B. R. Holstein, and J. Kambor: Phys. Rev. D 55 (1997)5598.

    Google Scholar 

  47. F. J. Federspiel et. al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 (1991)1511.

    Google Scholar 

  48. A. Zieger et al: Phys. Lett. B 278 (1992)34.

    Google Scholar 

  49. E. L. Hallin et al: Phys. Rev. C 48 (1993)1497.

    Google Scholar 

  50. B. E. MacGibbon et al: Phys. Rev. C 52 (1995)2097.

    Google Scholar 

  51. J. Schmiedmayer, H. Rauch, and P. Riehs: Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 (1988)1065.

    Google Scholar 

  52. L. Koester, W. Waschkowski, and J. Meier: Z. Phys. A 329 (1988)229.

    Google Scholar 

  53. K. W. Rose et al: Phys. Lett. B 234 (1990)460.

    Google Scholar 

  54. K. W. Rose et al: Nucl. Phys. A 514 (1990)621.

    Google Scholar 

  55. J. Schmiedmayer, P. Riehs, J. A. Harvey, and N. W. Hill: Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 (1991) 1015.

    Google Scholar 

  56. L. Koester et al: Phys. Rev. C 51 (1995)3363.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Particle Data Group: Eur. Phys. J. C 3 (1998)1.

    Google Scholar 

  58. A. M. Baldin: Nucl. Phys. 18 (1960)318.

    Google Scholar 

  59. M. Damashek and F. J. Gilman: Phys. Rev. D 1 (1970)1319.

    Google Scholar 

  60. A. I. L'vov, V. A. Petrunkin, and S. A. Startsev: Sov. J. Phys. 29 (1979)651.

    Google Scholar 

  61. D. Babusci, G. Giordano, and G. Matone: Phys. Rev. C 57 (1998)291.

    Google Scholar 

  62. S. Ragusa: Phys. Rev. D 47 (1993)3757;49 (1994)3157.

    Google Scholar 

  63. T. R. Hemmert, B. R. Holstein, J. Kambor, and G. Knbchlein: Phys. Rev. D 57 (1998)5765.

    Google Scholar 

  64. D. Drechsel, G. Krein, and O. Hanstein: Phys. Lett. B 420 (1998)248.

    Google Scholar 

  65. J. Tonnison, A. M. Sandorfi, S. Hoblit, and A. M. Nathan: Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (1998) 4382.

    Google Scholar 

  66. D. Babusci, G. Giordano, A. I. L'vov, G. Matone, and A. M. Nathan: Phys. Rev. C 58 (1998)1013.

    Google Scholar 

  67. E. M. Nyman: Nucl. Phys. A 154 (1970)97.

    Google Scholar 

  68. P. G. Tiemeijer and J. A. Tjon: Phys. Rev. C 42 (1990)599.

    Google Scholar 

  69. S. Kondratyuk, G. Martinus, and O. Scholten: Phys. Lett. B 418 (1998)20.

    Google Scholar 

  70. S. Weinberg: Physica A 96 (1979)327.

    Google Scholar 

  71. J. Gasser and H. Leutwyler: Ann. Phys. (N. Y. )158 (1984)142.

    Google Scholar 

  72. J. Gasser and H. Leutwyler: Nucl. Phys. B 250 (1985)465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. H. W. Fearing and S. Scherer: Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996)315.

    Google Scholar 

  74. S. Scherer and H. W. Fearing: Phys. Rev. C 51 (1995)359.

    Google Scholar 

  75. H. W. Fearing: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, (1998)758.

    Google Scholar 

  76. R. A. Berg and C. N. Lindner: Nucl. Phys. 26 (1961)259.

    Google Scholar 

  77. J. F. J. van den Brand et al: Phys. Rev. D 52 (1995)4868.

    Google Scholar 

  78. G. Audit et al: CEBAF Report No. PR 93-050, 1993.

  79. J. F. J. van den Brand et al: CEBAF Report No. PR 94-011, 1994.

  80. G. Audit etal.: MAMI proposal Nucleon structure study by Virtual Compton Scat-tering. 1995.

  81. J. Shaw etal.: MIT-Bates proposal No. 97-03, 1997.

  82. M. A. Moinester and V. Steiner: hep-ex/9801008 (1998).

  83. M. A. Moinester, and A. Ocherashvili: private communication.

  84. G. G. Simon, Ch. Schmitt, F. Borkowski, and V. H. Walther: Nucl. Phys. A 333 (1980)381.

    Google Scholar 

  85. A. Metz and D. Drechsel: Z. Phys. A 356 (1996)351.

    Google Scholar 

  86. D. Drechsel, G. Knochlein, A. Metz, and S. Scherer: Phys. Rev. C 55 (1997)424.

    Google Scholar 

  87. D. Drechsel, G. Knochlein, A. Yu. Korchin, A. Metz, and S. Scherer: Phys. Rev. C 57 (1998)941.

    Google Scholar 

  88. B. Pasquini, D. Drechsel, and S. Scherer: in preparation.

  89. D. Drechsel, G. Knochlein, A. Yu. Korchin, A. Metz, and S. Scherer: Phys. Rev. C 58 (1998)1751.

    Google Scholar 

  90. G. Q. Liu, A. W. Thomas, and P. A. M. Guichon: Aust. J. Phys. 49 (1996)905.

    Google Scholar 

  91. M. Vanderhaeghen: Phys. Lett. B 368 (1996)13.

    Google Scholar 

  92. T. R. Hemmert, B. R. Holstein, G. Knochlein, and S. Scherer: Phys. Rev. D 55 (1997) 2630.

    Google Scholar 

  93. T. R. Hemmert, B. R. Holstein, G. Knochlein, and S. Scherer: Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 (1997)22.

    Google Scholar 

  94. A. Metz and D. Drechsel: Z. Phys. A 359 (1997)165.

    Google Scholar 

  95. M. Kim and D.-P. Min: Seoul National University Report No. SNUTP-97-046, hep-ph/9704381, 1997.

  96. B. Pasquini and G. Saline: Phys. Rev. C 57 (1998)2589.

    Google Scholar 

  97. A. Yu. Korchin and O. Scholten: Phys. Rev. C 58 (1998)1098.

    Google Scholar 

  98. J. Gasser, M. E. Sainio, and A. Svarc: Nucl. Phys. B 307 (1988)779.

    Google Scholar 

  99. E. Jenkins and A. V. Manohar: Phys. Lett. B 255 (1991)558.

    Google Scholar 

  100. L. L. Foldy and S. A. Wouthuysen: Phys. Rev. 78 (1950)29.

    Google Scholar 

  101. C. Unkmeir, S. Scherer, A. I. L'vov, and D. Drechsel: in preparation.

  102. J. Wess and B. Zumino: Phys. Lett. B 37 (1971)95.

    Google Scholar 

  103. E. Witten: Nucl. Phys. B 160 (1979)57.

    Google Scholar 

  104. G. Ecker and M. Mojzis: Phys. Lett. B 365 (1996)312.

    Google Scholar 

  105. M. Gell-Mann and M. Levy: Nuovo Cim. 16 (1960)705.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Yu. M. Antipov et al.: Phys. Lett. B 121 (1983)445.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Yu. M. Antipov et al: Z. Phys. C 26 (1985)495.

    Google Scholar 

  108. T. A. Aibergenov et, al: Czech. J. Phys. B 36 (1986)948.

    Google Scholar 

  109. MARK II Collaboration, J. Boyer et al.: Phys. Rev. D 42 (1990)1350.

    Google Scholar 

  110. CELLO Collaboration, H.-J. Behrend et al: Z. Phys. C 56 (1992)381.

    Google Scholar 

  111. J. Ahrens etal: Few-Body Syst. Suppl. 9 (1995) 449.

    Google Scholar 

  112. T. Gorringe (spokesman): TRIUMF Expt. E838 (1998).

  113. U. Burgi: Phys. Lett. B 377 (1996) 147; Nucl. Phys. B 479 (1996)392.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Scherer, S. Real and Virtual Compton Scattering at Low Energies. Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 49, 1307–1345 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022872211333

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022872211333

Keywords

Navigation