Skip to main content
Log in

Risk Behavior and Family Role Transitions During the Twenties

  • Published:
Journal of Youth and Adolescence Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Family role transitions (marriage and parenthood) were examined in relation to risk behavior (risky driving, substance use, and risky sexual behavior) among 140 people aged 21–28. Being married and having had one or more children tended to be inversely related to reported participation in risk behavior. These relationships appeared to be mediated in part by sensation seeking and religiosity: sensation seeking and religiosity were found to be related to a variety of types of risk behavior, and people who were relatively low in sensation seeking and relatively high in religiosity were more likely to be married and have children. Different types of risk behavior were moderately to highly correlated, suggesting an interrelated syndrome of risk behavior in the twenties. Prevalence rates of risk behavior were consistent with previous studies showing most types of risk behavior to be highly prevalent in the twenties.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Arnett, J. (1991). Still crazy after all these years: Reckless behavior among young adults aged 23–27. Personal. Individ. Diff. 12:1305–1313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnett, J. (1992). Reckless behavior in adolescence: A developmental perspective. Develop. Rev. 12:339–373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnett, J. (1994). Sensation seeking: A new conceptualization and a new scale. Personal. Individ. Diff. 16:289–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnett, J. J. (1995). Broad and narrow socialization: The family in the context of a cultural theory. J. Marriage Family 57:617–628.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnett, J., and Balle-Jensen, L. (1993). Cultural bases of risk behavior: Danish adolescents. Child Develop. 64:1842–1855.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arnett, J., and Taber, S. (1994). Adolescence terminable and interminable: When does adolescence end? J. Youth Adolescence 23:517–537.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bachman, J. G., O'Malley, P. M., and Johnston, L. D. (1984). Drug use among young adults: The impacts of role status and social environments. J. Personality Social Psychol. 47:629–645.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bachman, J. G., Wadsworth, K. N., O'Malley, P. M., Schulenberg, J., and Johnston, L. D. (1996). Marriage, divorce, and parenthood during the transition to young adulthood: Impacts on drug use and abuse. In Schulenberg, J., Maggs, J. L., and Hurrelman, K. (eds.), Health Risks and Developmental Transitions during Adolescence. Cambridge University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin, J., and Baldwin, J. (1988). Factors affecting AIDS-related sexual risk-taking behavior among college students. J. Sex Res. 25:181–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber, B. (1992). Family, personality, and adolescent problem behavior. J. Marriage Family 54:69–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, N. J., and Bell, R. W. (1993). Adolescent Risk Taking. Sage, Newbury Park, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blane, H. T. (1979). Middle-aged alcoholics and young drinkers. In Blane, H. T., and Chafetz, M. E. (eds.), Youth, Alcohol, and Social Policy. Plenum, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brim, O. G. (1966). Adult socialization. In Clausen, J. A. (ed.), Socialization and Society. Little, Brown, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunswick, A. F., Messeri, P. A., and Titus, S. P. (1992). Predictive factors in adult substance abuse: A prospective study of African American adolescents. In Glantz, M., and Pickens, R. (eds.), Vulnerability to Drug Abuse. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeVellis, R. F. (1991). Scale Development: Theory and Applications. Sage, Newbury Park, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donovan, J. E., Jessor, R., and Jessor, L. (1983). Problem drinking in adolescence and young adulthood: A follow-up study. J. Stud. Alcohol 44:109–137.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dryfoos, J. G. (1991). Common components of successful interventions with high-risk youth. In Bell, N. J., and Bell, R. W. (eds.), Adolescent Risk Taking. Sage, Newbury Park, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • DuRant, R. H., and Sanders, J. M. (1989). Sexual behavior and contraceptive risk taking among sexually active adolescent females. J. Adolesc. Health Care 10:1–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldscheider, F., and Goldscheider, C. (1994). Leaving and returning home in 20th century America. Pop Bull. 48(4), Population Reference Bureau, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodstadt, M. S., Chan, G. C., Sheppard, M. A., and Cleve, J. C. (1986). Factors associated with cannabis nonuse and cessation of use: Between and within survey replication of findings. Addict. Behav. 11:275–286.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gottfredson, M. R., and Hirschi, T. (1990). A General Theory of Crime. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horwitz, A. V., and White, H. R. (1991). Becoming married, depression, and alcohol problems among young adults. J. Health Social Behav. 32:221–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Irwin, C. E., Jr. (1993). Adolescence and risk taking: How are they related? In Bell, N. J., and Bell, R. W. (eds.), Adolescent Risk Taking. Sage, Newbury Park, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jessor, R. (1987). Problem behavior theory, psychosocial development, and adolescent problem drinking. Br. J. Addict. 82:331–342.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jessor, R., Donovan, J. E., and Costa, F. M. (1991). Beyond Adolescence: Problem Behavior and Young Adult Development. Cambridge University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, L. D., O'Malley, P. M., and Bachman, J. G. (1994). National Survey Results on Drug use from the Monitoring the Future Study, 1975–1993 (NIH Publication No. 94-3810). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E. F., Forrest, J. D., Goldman, N., Henshaw, S., Lincoln, R., Rosoff, J. I., Westoff, C. F., and Wulf, D. (1986). Teenage Pregnancy in Industrialized Countries. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kandel, D. B., Kessler, R. C., and Marguiles, R. Z. (1978). Antecedents of adolescent initiation into drug use: A developmental analysis. J. Youth Adolesc. 7:13–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kandel, D. B., and Raveis, V. H. (1989). Cessation of illicit drug use in young adulthood. Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 74:109–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, J. (1988). Seducations of Crime: Moral and Sensual Attractions of Doing Evil. Basic Books, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ketterlinus, R. D., and Lamb, M. E. (1994). Adolescent Problem Behavior: Issues and Research, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ketterlinus, R. D., Lamb, M. E., and Nitz, K. A. (1994). Adolescent nonsexual and sex-related problem behaviors: Their prevalence, consequences, and cooccurrence. In Ketterlinus, R. D., and Lamb, M. E. (eds.), Adolescent Problem Behavior: Issues and Research, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyng, S. (1991). Dysfunctional risk taking: Criminal behavior as edgework. In Bell, N. J., and Bell, R. W. (eds.), Adolescent Risk Taking. Sage, Newbury Park, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald, N. E., Wells, G. A., Fisher, W. A., Warren, W. K., King, M. A., Doherty, J. A., and Bowie, W. R. (1990). High-risk STD/HIV behavior among college students. JAMA 263:3155–3159.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marsiglio, W., and Mott, F. (1986). The impact of sex education on sexual activity, contraceptive use, and premarital pregnancy among American teenagers. Fam. Plan. Perspect. 18:151–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller-Tutzauer, C., Leonard, K. E., and Windle, M. (1991). Marriage and alcohol use: A longitudinal study of “maturing out.” J. Stud. Alcohol 52:434–440.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Newcomb, M. D., and Bentler, P. M. (1988). Consequences of Adolescent Drug Use: Impact on the Lives of Young Adults. Sage, Newbury Park, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newcomb, M., and Felix-Ortiz, M. (1992). Multiple protective and risk factors for drug use and abuse: Cross-sectional and prospective findings. J. Personal. Social Psychol. 63:280–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norusis, M. J. (1988). SPSS/PC + V2.0 Base Manual. SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osgood, D. W., Johnston, L. D., O'Malley, P. M., and Bachman, J. G. (1988). The generality of deviance in late adolescence and early adulthood. Am. Sociol. Rev. 53:81–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osgood, D. W., and Ortega, S. (1991, November). Lifestyles, roles, and deviance across the lifespan. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology, San Francisco.

  • Osgood, D. W., Wilson, J. K., O'Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Johnston, L. D. (1996). Routine activities and individual deviant behavior. Am. Sociol. Rev., in press.

  • Power, C., and Estaugh, V. (1990). The role of family formation and dissolution in shaping drinking behavior in early adulthood. Br. J. Addict. 85:521–530.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roof, W. C. (1993). A Generation of Seekers: The Spiritual Journeys of the Baby Boom Generation. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulenberg, J., Bachman, J. G., O'Malley, P. M., and Johnston, L. D. (1994). High school educational success and subsequent substance use: A panel analysis following adolescents into young adulthood. J. Health Social Behav. 35:45–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulenberg, J., O'Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., Wadsworth, K. N., & Johnston, L. D. (1996). Getting drunk and growing up: Trajectories of frequent binge drinking during the transition to adulthood. J. Stud. Alcohol 57:1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spitze, G. D. (1978). Role experiences of young women: A longitudinal test of the role hiatus hypothesis. J. Marriage Family 40:471–480.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stein, J. A., Newcomb, M. D., and Bentler, P. M. (1994). Psychosocial correlates and predictors of AIDS risk behaviors, abortion, and drug use among a community sample of young adult women. Health Psychol. 13:308–318.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, J. A., Smith, G. M., Guy, S. M., and Bentler, P. M. (1993). Consequences of adolescent drug use on young adult job behavior and job satisfaction. J. Appl. Psychol. 78:463–474.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, L., Mounts, N. S., Lamborn, S. D., and Dornbusch, S. M. (1991). Authoritative parenting and adolescent adjustment across varied ecological niches. J. Res. Adolesc. 1:19–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, J. (1992). Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Studer, M., and Thornton, A. (1987). Adolescent religiosity and contraceptive use. J. Marriage Family 49:117–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Transportation. (1995). Understanding Youthful Risk Taking and Driving. (DOT Publication No. HS 808-318). National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamaguchi, K., and Kandel, D. (1987). Drug use and other determinants of premarital pregnancy and its outcome: A dynamic analysis of competing life events. J. Marriage Family 49:257–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuckerman, M. (1990). The psychophysiology of sensation seeking. J. Personal. 58:313–345.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral Expressions and Biological Bases of Sensation Seeking. Cambridge University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Arnett, J.J. Risk Behavior and Family Role Transitions During the Twenties. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 27, 301–320 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022851003328

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022851003328

Keywords

Navigation