Skip to main content
Log in

Free to Grow: Translating Substance Abuse Research and Theory into Preventive Practice in a National Head Start Initiative

  • Published:
Journal of Primary Prevention Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This article describes the application of the research on risk and protective factors as employed in the design, chosen strategies and pilot testing phase of a national preschool substance abuse prevention initiative. In the absence of research-based model programs aimed at decreasing children's vulnerability to substance abuse as they grow older, the goal of the initiative is demonstrate how preventive research can be applied in the early childhood period in partnership with the national Head Start Program. While the findings from the initial pilot phase are preliminary, the experience to date does provide concrete examples of the practical uses of research to inform practice in addressing substance abuse prevention.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Ahmed, S. O., Bush, P. J., Davidson, F. R., & Iannotti, R. J. (1994). Predicting Children's Use and Intentions to Use Abusable Substances. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association, Anaheim, CA.

  • Baumrind, D. (1985). Familial Antecedents of Adolescent Drug Use: A Developmental Perspective. In C. L. Jones & R. J. Battjes (Eds.), Etiology of Drug Abuse: Implications for Prevention NIDA Research Monograph 56 (pp. 13–44). Washington DC: Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carnegie Task Force on Meeting the Needs of Young Children. (1994). Starting Points: Meeting the Needs of our Youngest Children. New York: Carnegie Corporation of New York.

  • Carter, S., & Oyemade, U. J. O. (1990). Parents Getting a Head Start Against Drugs: A Primary Prevention Curriculum. Rockville, MD: Office of Substance Abuse Prevention.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, R. C., & Anderson, P. R. (1991). Head Start Substance Abuse Guide: A Resource Handbook for Head Start Grantees and Other Collaborating Community Programs. (DHHS Publication No. (ACF) 91–31265). Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Head Start Bureau.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunst, C. J., Trivette, C. M., & Deal, A. G. (1988). Enabling and Empowering Families: Principles and Guidelines for Practice. Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fagan, J. (1993). Interactions Among Drugs, Alcohol and Violence. Health Affairs, 65–77.

  • Fagan, J., Conley, D., Debro, J., Crutis, R., Hamid A., Moore, J., Padilla, F., Quicker, J., Taylor, C., Vigil, J. D. (1993, November). Crime, drugs and neighborhood change: The effects of deindustrialization on social control in inner cities. Policy Conference on Persistent Urban Poverty: Commissioned Background Memoranda. Washington, DC: Social Science Research Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Free to Grow National Program Office. (1994). Free to Grow: Head Start Partnerships to Promote Substance-free Communities. New York: Free to Grow Program.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garbarino, J. (1995). Raising Children in a Socially Toxic Environment. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garbarino, J., Abramowitz, R., Benn, J., Gaboury, M., Galambos, N., Garbarino, A., Kostelny, K., Long, F., & Planz, M. (1992). Children and Families in the Social Environment (2nd edition). New York: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garbarino, J., & Kostelny, K. (1993). Neighborhood and Community Influences on Parenting. In T. Luster & L. Okagaki (Eds.) Parenting: An Ecological Perspective (pp. 204–226). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garmezy, N., & Rutter, M. (Eds.). (1983). Stress, Coping and Development in Children. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerstein, D. R., & Green, L. W. (Eds.). (1993). Preventing Drug Abuse: What Do We Know? Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., & Associates. (1992). Communities that Care: Action for Drug Abuse Prevention. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, p. 86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., & Miller, J. Y. (1992). Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 64–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins, J. D., Lishner, D. M., Catalano, R. F., & Howard, M. O. (1986). Childhood Predictors of Adolescent Substance Abuse: Toward an Empirically Grounded Theory. In S. Griswold-Ezekoye, K. L. Kumpfer, & W. Bukoski (Eds.), Childhood and Chemical abuse: Prevention and Intervention (pp. 11–48). New York: The Haworth Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, L. (1997). The rise in drug use among American teens continues in 1995. The University of Michigan News and Information Services. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kandel, D. (1982). Epidemiological and psychosocial perspectives on adolescent drug use. Journal of American Academic Child Psychiatry, 21(4), 328–347.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kandel, D., Simcha-Fagan, O., & Davis, M. (1986). Risk factors for delinquency and illicit drug use from adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of Drug Issues, 16, 67–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, B. P., & Prothrow-Stith, D. (1994). Indicators of adolescent problem behaviors. In Indicators of Children's Well-being: Conference Papers: Volume III: Cross-cutting Issues: Population, Family, and Neighborhood; Social Development and Problem Behaviors (pp. 113–128). Madison, WI: Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klaidman, D. (1996, August 26). The Politics of Drugs: Back to War. Newsweek, 57–58.

  • Klepp, K., & Perry, C. L. (1990). Adolescents, Drinking and Driving: Who Does It and Why? In R. J. Wilson & R. E. Mann (Eds.), Drinking and Driving Advances in Research and Prevention (pp. 43–67). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klerman, L. V., & Parker, M. (1991). Alive and well? A research and policy review of health programs for poor young children. New York: National Center for Children in Poverty.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klitzner, M., Fisher, D., Moskowitz, J., Stewart, K., Gilbert, S. (1991). Report to the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation on strategies to prevent the onset and use of addictive and abusable substances among children and early adolescents. Unpulished manuscript.

  • Kropenske, V., (Ed.). (1994). Supporting Substance-Abusing Families: A Technical Assistance Manual for the Head Start Management Team. Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Head Start Bureau.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumpfer, K. L. (1991). How to get hard-to-reach parents involved in parenting programs. In E. M. Johnson, G. A. Held, & R. W. Denniston (Eds.), Parent training is prevention: Preventing alcohol and other drug problems among youth in the family (pp. 87–95). Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumpfer, K. L., Molgaard, V., & Spoth, R. (1996). The Strengthening Families Program for the Prevention of Delinquency and Drug Use. In R. DeV. Peters & R. J. McMahon (Eds.), Preventing Childhood Disorders, Substance Abuse, and Delinquency (pp. 241–267). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meckstroth, A., Samson, A., & Love, J. M. (1997). Head Start Substance Abuse Prevention. Policy and Experience: The Context for Free to Grow. Princeton, N. J.: Mathematica Policy Research, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mrazek, P. J., & Haggerty, R. J., (Eds.). (1994). Reducing risks for mental disorders: Frontiers for prevention intervention research. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Center for Children in Poverty. (1996). One in Four: America's Youngest Poor. New York: National Center for Children in Poverty.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Head Start Association. (1995). Head Start: The Nation's Pride: 30th Anniversary: 1965–1995. Alexandria, VA: National Head Start Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Office of Technology Assessment. (1994). Technologies for Understanding and Preventing Substance Abuse and Addiction. Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, P. L., Hawkins, J. D., Abbott, R. D., & Catalano, R. F. (1995). Disentangling the effects of parental drinking, family management, and parental alcohol norms on current drinking by black and white adolescents. In G. M. Boyd, J. Howard, & R. A. Zucker (Eds.), Alcohol problems among adolescents: Current directions in prevention research (pp. 33–57). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (1996). Annual Report for 1995. Princeton, NJ: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robins, L. N., & Przybeck, T. R. (1985). Age of onset of drug use as a factor in drug and other disorders. In C. L. Jones & R. J. Battjes (Eds.), Etiology of drug Abuse: Implications for Prevention NIDA Research Monograph 56 (pp. 178–192). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M. (1985). Resilience in the Face of Adversity: Protective Factors and Resistance to Psychiatric Disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 598–611.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M. (1987). Psychosocial Resilience and Protective Mechansims. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57(3), 316–331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S., & Zaslow, M. (1995). Rationale and Policy Context for Two-Generation Interventions. In S. Smith (Ed.) Two Generation Programs for Families in Poverty: A New Intervention Strategy (pp. 1–36). New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (1996). Preliminary Estimates from the 1995 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Washington DC: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. (Advance Report No. 18).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagenaar, A. C., & Perry, C. L. (1995). Community Strategies for the Reduction of Youth Drinking: Theory and Application. In G. M. Boyd, J. Howard, & R. A. Zucker (Eds.), Alcohol problems among adolescents: Current directions in prevention research (pp. 197–223). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Washington, V., & Bailey, U. J. O. (1995). Project Head Start: Models and Strategies for the Twenty-First Century. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, H. B., & Halpern, R. (1991). Community-based family support and education programs: Something old or something new? New York: National Center for Children in Poverty.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner, E. E., & Smith, R. S. (1977). Kauai's Children Come of Age. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner, E. E., & Smith, R. S. (1992). Overcoming the Odds. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshikawa, H. (1994). Prevention as Cumulative Protection: Effects of Early Family Support and Education on Chronic Delinquency and its Risks. Psychological Bulletin, 115(1), 28–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zigler, E., Styfco, S. J., & Gilman, E. (1993). The National Head Start Program for Disadvantaged Preschoolers. In E. Zigler & S. J. Styfco (Eds.), Head Start and Beyond (pp. 1–41). New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jones, J.E., Gutman, M.A. & Kaufman, N.J. Free to Grow: Translating Substance Abuse Research and Theory into Preventive Practice in a National Head Start Initiative. The Journal of Primary Prevention 19, 279–296 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022674406591

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022674406591

Navigation