Abstract
The origin of the excess of matter over antimatter in our Universe remains one of the fundamental problems. Dynamical baryogenesis in the process of the broken symmetry electroweak transition in the expanding Universe is the widely discussed model where the baryonic asymmetry is induced by the quantum chiral anomaly. We discuss the modelling of this phenomenon in superfluid 3 He and superconductors where the chiral anomaly is realized in the presence of quantized vortex, which introduces nodes into the energy spectrum of the fermionic quasiparticles. The spectral flow of fermions through the nodes during the vortex motion leads to the creation of fermionic charge from the superfluid vacuum and to transfer of the superfluid linear momentum into the heat bath, thus producing an extra force on the vortex, which in some cases compensates the Magnus force. This spectral-flow force was calculated 20 years ago by Kopnin and Kravtsov for s-wave superconductors, but only recently was it measured in a broad temperature range in Manchester experiments on rotating superfluid 3 He. The ”momentogenesis” observed in 3 He is analogous to the dynamical production of baryons by cosmic strings. Some other possible scenaria of baryogenesis related to superfluid 3 He are discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
G. Volovik, T. Vachaspati, Int.J.Mod.Phys.B 10,471(1996).
S. Adler, Phys.Rev.177,2496(1969).
J.S. Bell, R. Jackiw, Nuovo Cim.A 60,47(1969).
A.D. Dolgov, Phys.Rep. 222, 310(1992).
A. Vilenkin, E.P.S. Shellard,Cosmic Strings and Other Topological Defects,(Cambridge University Press,1994).
M.B. Hindmarsh and T.W.B. Kibble,Phys.Rep.58,477(1995).
N. Turok,inFormation and Interactions of the Topoogical Defects,eds.A.C. Davis and R.Brandenberger,Plenum Press, New York and London,1995.
T. Vachaspati, G.B. Field,Phys.Rev.Lett.73,373(1994);74, Errata (1995).
J. Garriga and T. Vachaspati,Nucl.Phys. B438,161(1995).
G. Volovik,Exotic Properties of Superfluid 3He,(World Scientific, Singapore,1992).
G.E. Volovik,JETP 75,990(1992).
N.B. Kopnin,Phys.Rev.B 47,14354(1993).
E.B. Sonin,Phys.Rev.B 55,485(1997).
T.D.C. Bevan, A.J. Manninen, J.B. Cook, et al, Nature 386,689(1997)
T.D.C. Bevan, A.J. Manninen, J.B. Cook, et al,to be published.
C. Caroli,et al,Phys.Lett.9(1964)307.
G.E. Volovik,ZhETF104,3070(1993)[JETP 77,435 (1993)].
M. Stone,Phys.Rev.B 54,13222(1996);cond-mat/9708017.
N.B. Kopnin, G.E. Volovik, and U. Parts,Europhys.Lett. 32,651(1995).
G.E. Volovik and V.P. Mineev,JETP56,579(1982).
N.B. Kopnin, V.E. Kravtsov,ZhETF,71, 1644(1976);[JETP,44,861 (1976)].
N.B. Kopnin and G.E. Volovik,Phys.Rev.Lett.79,1377(1997).
N.B. Kopnin and G.E.Volovik,cond-mat/9706082.
T. Jacobson and G.E. Volovik, to be published.
M. Rasetti and T. Regge,PhysicaA 80,217(1975).
G.E. Volovik,Pis’ma ZhETF15,116(1972)[JETP Lett.15,81 (1972)].
S. Yip,Phys.Rev.B 35,8733(1987).
N. Schopohl and D. Waxman,Phys.Rev.Lett. 63, 1696(1989).
D. Vollhardt, P.and P. Wolfle The superfluid phases of helium 3,Taylor and Francis, London-New York -Philadelphia,1990.
Yu.M. Bunkov, inProgress in Low Temperature Physics,ed.W. Halperin,El-sevier,14,69(1995).
M. Joyce and M. Shaposhnikov,Phys.Rev.Lett.,79,1193(1997).
V.M.H. Ruutu, J. Kopu, M. Krusius, U. Parts, B. Plaais, E.V. Thuneberg, and W. Xu,”Critical Velocity in Rotating Superfluid 3He-A”,preprint LTL-E97024 (http://boojum.hut.fi/abstracts/lowtemp/LTL-E97024.html),submit-ted to Phys.Rev.Lett.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Volovik, G. Baryon Asymmetry of Universe: View from Superfluid 3He. Journal of Low Temperature Physics 110, 23–37 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022598230415
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022598230415