Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in northeastern Turkey (Trabzon city)

  • Published:
European Journal of Epidemiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective: The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Trabzon city of Turkey and to identify appropriate risk factors for gestational diabetes in pregnant mothers. Research design and methods: Eight hundred and seven adult pregnant women were screened for GDM with a 1-hour, 50 g oral glucose challenge test (GCT). Three-hour, 100 g oral glucose tolerance tests (GTTs) were performed on screen-positive women. Results: Of the 807 pregnancies screened, 59 (7.3%) had an initial oral GCT result of ≥ 140 mg/dl. Diagnostic testing with the oral GTT was performed on the 59 screen-positive gravid women. Of those tested, 10 were diagnosed with GDM on the basis of greater ≥ 2 criteria over 3 hours, for a prevalence of 1.23%. Significant associations were found between age, body mass index (BMI) and GDM positivity (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05; respectively). The prevalence of GDM was associated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and weeks' gestation (p < 0.05). There was no significant association between increased BMI, systolic blood pressure, number of pregnancies and GDM positivity. In addition, the birth weights of the babies born to mothers with GDM were significantly higher than those of the non-diabetic healthy mothers' babies (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of GDM in a Turkish population was low. The prevalence of GDM showed an increase with the ages of pregnant women, gestational age and DBP. This study demonstrates that the universal screening for GDM is not mandatory in our pregnant population. The cost of universal screening may be prohibitive in our population. Large prospective studies are needed to better analyze outcome data and efficacy of screening in adult pregnancies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Metzger BE. Organizing Committee. Summary and recommendations of the Third International Workshop-Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes 1991; 40(Suppl 2): 197–201.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Coustan DR, Imarah J. Prophylactic insulin treatment of gestational diabetes reduces the incidence of macrosomia, operative delivery, and birth trauma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 150: 836–842.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Kitzmiller JL, Cloherty JP, Younger MD, et al. Diabeticpregnanc y and perinatal morbidity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1978; 131: 560–580.

    Google Scholar 

  4. O'sullivan JB, Mahan CM. Criteria for the oral glucose tolerance test in pregnancy. Diabetes 1964; 13: 278–285.

    Google Scholar 

  5. O'sullivan JB, Charles D, Mahan CM, Dandrow RV. Screening criteria for high-risk gestational diabetic patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1973; 116: 895–900.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Hare JW. Diabetes and pregnancy. In: Kahn CR, Weir GC (eds), Joslin's Diabetes Mellitus. 13th ed., Philadelphia: A Waverly Company, 1994: 889.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Moses R, Fulwood S, Griffith R. Gestational diabetes mellitus: Resource utilization and costs of diagnosis and treatment. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1997; 37: 184–186.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Moses R, Colagiuri S. The extent of undiagnosed gestational diabetes in New South Wales. Med J Aust 1997; 167: 14–16.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hadden DR. Geographic, ethnic and racial variations in the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 1985; 34(Suppl 2): 8–12.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Jovanovic-Peterson L, Peterson CM. Pregnancy in the diabetic women: Guidelines for a Successful Outcome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1992; 21: 433–456.

    Google Scholar 

  11. American Diabetes Association. Position statement: Gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1986; 9: 430–431.

    Google Scholar 

  12. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Diabetes and pregnancy. Washington: The College, 1994; pp. 1–8. Technical Bulletin No: 200.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Carpenter MW. Rationale and performance of tests for gestational diabetes. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1991; 34: 544–557.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Bewier WC, Jovanovic-Peterson L, Peterson CM. Pancreatic disorders of pregnancy: Diagnosis, management, and outcome of gestational diabetes. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1995; 24: 103–138.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Coustan DR, Nelson C, Carpenter MW, Cart SR, Rotondo L, Widness JA. Maternal age and screening for gestational diabetes: A population-based study. Obstet Gynecol 1989; 73: 557–560.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Seyoum B, Kiros K, Haileselase T, Leole A. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in rural pregnant mothers in northern Ethiopia. Diabetes Res Clin Prac 1999; 46: 247–251.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Siribaddana SH, Deshabandu R, Rajapakse D, Silva K, Fernando DJ. The prevalence of gestational diabetes in a Sri Lankan antenatal clinic. Ceylon Med J 1998; 43: 88–91.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Greene MF. Screening for gestational mellitus. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1625–1626.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Weeks JW, Major CA, deVeciana M, Morgan MA. Gestational diabetes: Does the presence of risk factors influence perinatal outcome? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 171: 1003–1007.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Lucas MJ, Love TW, Bowe L, Mclntire DD. Class A1 gestational diabetes: A meaningful diagnosis? Obstet Gynecol 1993; 82: 260–265.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Naylor CD, Sermer M, Chen E, Farine D (for the TorontoTri-hospital Gestational Diabetes Project Investigators). Selective screening for gestational diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1591–1596.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Wein P, Dong ZG, Beischer NA, Sheedy MT. Factors predictive of recurrent gestational diabetes diagnosed before 24 weeks’ gestation. Am J Perinatal 1995; 12: 352–356.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Rey E, Couturier A. The prognosis of pregnancy in women with chronic hypertension. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 171: 410–416.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Natal A, Taddei S, Ferrannini E. Hypertension and insulin resistance. In: Draznin B, Rizza R (eds), Clinical Research in Diabetes and Obesity, Vol 2. Totowa, New Jersey: Humano Press, 1997; 301–322.

    Google Scholar 

  25. The National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group report on hypertension in diabetes. Hypertension 1994; 2: 145–158.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Maheux P, Jeppens J, Sheu WH, Hollembeck CB, Clinkingbeard C, Greenfield MS, et al. Additive effects of obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes on insulin resistance. Hypertension 1994; 24: 695–698.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Caruso A, Ferrazzani S, De Carolis S, Lucchese A, Lanzone A, Paradisi G. Carbohydrate metabolism in gestational diabetes: effect of chronic hypertension. Obstet Gynecol 1999; 94: 556–561.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey

    Cihangir Erem, Nihat Cihanyurdu & Münir Telatar

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey

    Orhan Deger & Caner Karahan

  3. Department of Public Health, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey

    Gamze Çan

Authors
  1. Cihangir Erem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nihat Cihanyurdu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Orhan Deger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Caner Karahan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Gamze Çan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Münir Telatar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Erem, C., Cihanyurdu, N., Deger, O. et al. Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in northeastern Turkey (Trabzon city). Eur J Epidemiol 18, 39–43 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022585101209

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022585101209

Search

Navigation