Abstract
Emotions presumably play an important role in sexual response and dysfunction in men. Yet, few studies have investigated differences in affect between sexually dysfunctional and functional men or changes in dysfunctional men resulting from successful treatment. We compared men having premature ejaculation (PE) with sexually functional counterparts on positive and negative affects, and examined changes in their affective response to pharmacotherapeutic treatment with clomipramine, an ejaculation-retarding agent. Results indicated higher levels of specific negative affects in PE men than controls. Positive affect also differed among groups, and showed variation in response to erotic stimulation and drug treatment. When specific positive affects were analyzed, they diverged in their response to stimulus and drug manipulations. For example, all groups exhibited a decrease in arousal/sensual during clomipramine treatment, but only PE men who responded positively to pharmacological treatment exhibited significant elevation in their enjoyment of the sexual experience. The fact that alleviation of the dysfunction improved positive affect in PE men responsive to clomipramine argues for the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in promoting positive emotional experiences associated with sexual response. But the failure of negative affects to approximate the low levels typical of sexually functional men also suggests the need to consider nonpharmacological methods to ensure complete reinstatement of healthy sexual response.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Balon, R., Yeragani, V. K., Pohl, R., & Ramesh, C. (1993). Sexual dys-function during antidepressant treatment. Journal of Clinical Psy-chiatry, 54, 209–212.
Bancroft, J. (1989). Human sexuality and its problems. Edinburgh, Scotland: Churchill Livingston.
Barlow, D. H. (1986). Causes of sexual dysfunctions: The role of anxiety and cognitive interference. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, I 140–148.
Barlow, D. H. (1991). Disorders of emotion. Psychological Inquiry, 2, 58–71.
Beaumont, G. (1977). Sexual side-effects of clomipramine (Anafranil). Journal of International Medical Research, 5(Suppl.), 37–44.
Beck, J. G., & Barlow, D. H. (1986a). The effects of anxiety and attentional focus on sexual responding I: Physiological patterns in erectile dysfunction. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 9–17.
Beck, J. G., & Barlow, D. H. (1986b). The effects of anxiety and at-tentional focus on sexual responding II. Cognitive and affective patterns in erectile dysfunction. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 19–26.
Byrne, D., & Schulte, L. (1990). Personality dispositions as mediators of sexual response. Annual Review of Sex Research, 1, 93–117.
Cacioppo, J. T., & Gardner, W. L. (1999). Emotion. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 191–214.
Cooper, A. J., Cernovsky, Z. Z., & Colussi, K. (1993). Some clinical and psychometric characteristics of primary and secondary premature ejaculators. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 19, 276–288.
Haensel, S. M., Rowland, D. L., Kallan, K. T. H., & Slob, A. K. (1996). Clomipramine and sexual function in men with premature ejaculation and controls. Journal of Urology, 56, 1310–1315.
Heiman, J. R., & Meston, C. M. (1997). Empirically validated treatment for sexual dysfunction. Annual Review of Sex Research, 7, 148–194.
Heiman, J. R., & Rowland, D. L. (1983). Affective and physiological sexual response patterns: The effects of instructions on sexually. functional and dysfunctional men. Journal of Psychosomatic Re-search, 27, 105–116.
Kagan, J. (1994). Galen's prophecy. New York: Basic Books.
Kaplan, H. S. (1989). Premature ejaculation: Overcoming premature ejaculation. New York: Bruner/Mazel.
Lief, H. I. (1986). Sex and depression. Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality, 20, 38–53.
Masters, W. H., & Johnson, V. E. (1970). Human sexual inadequacy. Boston: Little, Brown.
Mitchell, W. B., DiBartolo, P. M., Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1998). Effects of positive and negative mood on sexual arousal in sexually functional males. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 27, 197–207.
Osborne, C. S., & Rowland, D. L. (in press). Evaluation of psychological functioning in men with sexual dysfunctions. In F. Kandeel (Ed.), Pathophysiology of male sexual and reproductive dysfunction. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Rowland, D. L., Cooper, S. E., & Heiman, J. R. (1995). A preliminary investigation of affective and cognitive response to erotic stimulation in men before and after sex therapy. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 21, 3–20.
Rowland, D. L., Cooper, S. E., & Schneider, M. (2001). Defining pre-mature ejaculation for experimental and clinical investigations. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 30, 235–254.
Rowland, D. L., Cooper, S. E., & Slob, A. K. (1996). Genital and psy-choaffective response to erotic stimulation in sexually functional and dysfunctional men. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 194–203.
Rowland, D. L., de Gouveia Brazao, C. A., Strassberg, D. S., & Slob, A. K. (2000). Ejaculatory latency and control in men with prema-ture ejaculation: An analysis across sexual activities using multiple sources of information. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 48, 69–77.
Rowland, D. L., & Slob, A. K. (2000). Assessment of sexual health: Pre-mature ejaculation [CD-ROM]. Abstracts from: Ovid Technologies: HaPI Item: 209897.
Smeaton, G., & Byrne, D. (1998). The feelings scale: Positive and negative affective responses. In C. M. Davis, W. L. Yarber, R. Bauserman, G. Scrheer, & S. L. Davis (Eds.), Handbook of sexuality-related measures (pp. 50–52). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Strassberg, D. S., de Gouveia Brazao, C. A., Rowland, D. L., Tan, P., & Slob, A. K. (1998). Clomipramine in the treatment of rapid (prema-ture) ejaculation. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 25, 89–101.
Strassberg, D. S., Mahoney, J. M., Schaugaard, M., & Hale, V. E. (1990). The role of anxiety in premature ejaculation: Apsychophysiological model. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 19, 251–257.
Tellegen, A. (1985). Structures of mood and personality and their relevance to assessing anxiety, with emphasis on self-report. In A. H. Tuma & J. D. Maser (Eds.), Anxiety and the anxiety disorders (pp. 681–706). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Tondo, L., Cantone, M., Carta, M., Laddomada, A., Mosticoni, R., & Rudas, N. (1991). An MMPI evaluation of male sexual dysfunction. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 47, 391–396.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1992). Affects separable and inseparable. On the hierarchical arrangement of the negative affects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 489–505.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and valida-tion of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070.
Zilbergeld, B. (1992). The new male sexuality: The truth about men, sex, and pleasure. New York: Bantam Books.
Zinbarg, R. E., & Barlow, D. H. (1996). Structure of anxiety and the anxiety disorders: A hierarchical model. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 181–193.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rowland, D.L., Tai, W.L. & Slob, A.K. An Exploration of Emotional Response to Erotic Stimulation in Men with Premature Ejaculation: Effects of Treatment with Clomipramine. Arch Sex Behav 32, 145–153 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022452525629
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022452525629