Abstract
Agroforestry options as a means of promoting reforestation were testedby establishing with 10 farmers simple comparisons between pure plantations andtimber trees with annual or perennial intercrops. Two year-old intercroppedtrees on-farm had 22–48% greater height and 24–38% greater diameterthan trees in pure plantations. The exception was Cordiaalliodora that did not respond significantly to intercropping withcassava (Manihot esculenta). Only intercrops with the mostvaluable crops on agricultural soils produced a return to labour above thedailywage rate. On non-agricultural soils, farmers only intercrop a small area oftheir plantations with subsistence crops to meet home consumption needs. In thecontext of Costa Rica intercropping appeared to have a limited potential tofinance the reforestation costs of farmers.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
References
Butterfield R.P. and Fisher R.F. 1994. Untapped potential: Native species for reforestation. Journal of Forestry 92: 37–40.
Haggar J.P. and Ewel J.J. 1995. Establishment, resource acquisition and early productivity as determined by biomass allocation patterns of three tropical tree species. Forest Science 41: 689–708.
Haggar J.P. and Ewel J.J. 1997. Primary productivity and resource partitioning in model tropical ecosystems. Ecology 78: 1211–1221.
Rheingans R.D. 1996. The ecological, economic and political effects of tree plantation intercropping on small farm forestry in the Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica., PhD, Yale University, Connecticut.
Scherr S.J. 1991. On-farm research: the challenge of agroforestry. Agroforestry Systems 15: 95–110.
Scherr S.J. and Current D. 1997. What makes agroforestry profitable for farmers? Evidence from Central America and the Caribbean. Agroforestry Today 9: 10–15.
Schlönvoigt A. and Beer J. 2001. Initial growth of pioneer timber species in a Taungya system in humid lowlands of Costa Rica. Agroforestry Systems 51: 97–108.
Thacher T., Lee D.R. and Schelhas J.W. 1997. Farmer participation en reforestation incentive programs in Costa Rica. Agroforestry Systems 35: 269–289.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Haggar, J., Rheingans, R., Arroyo, P. et al. Benefits and costs of intercropping reforestation in the Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica.. New Forests 25, 41–48 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022341222592
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022341222592