Abstract
Nuclear antiferromagnetism in fcc silver metal, already investigated by NMR measurements, has been studied in a single crystal of 109 Ag by neutron absorption and diffraction techniques. Below the Neel temperature TN , a (001) Bragg reflection with a resolution limited width demonstrates long range order in a simple type-I AFM structure with the ordering vector k = (2π/a)(001) (“up-down” structure). The entropy at the transition, \({\text{S}}_c = 0.54R\) ln 2 in zero magnetic field, corresponding to a critical polarization Pc = 0.75 and TN = 700 ± 80 pK. Magnetic field B versus entropy S phase diagrams of the (001) structure have been constructed for two directions of B: [001] and \([\overline {0.8} {\text{ }}\overline {{\text{0}}{\text{.8}}} {\text{ }}1]{\text{.}}\) The critical field extrapolated to S = 0 is 100 ± 10 μT, and for both field directions Sc is highest around B = 30 μT. The transition to the paramagnetic state is presumably of second order. The nuclear magnetization was measured by transmission of unpolarized neutrons, and the dimensionless static volume susceptibility in SI units was found to be 0.36 ± 0.01 in the ordered state independently of B and S. The ac susceptibility at 7.9 Hz showed a kink at the transition only when the sample was not exposed to neutrons.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
M. Goldman, Phys. Rep. 32, 1 (1977).
A. Abragam and M. Goldman, Nuclear Magnetism: Order and Disorder, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1982).
P. Hakonen, O. V. Lounasmaa, and A. S. Oja, J. Magn. & Magn. Mater. 100, 394 (1991).
A. S. Oja and O. V. Lounasmaa, Rev. Mod. Phys. 69, 1 (1997).
M. Steiner, Phys. Scripta 42, 367 (1990); Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 7, 2909 (1993).
T. Herrmannsdörfer, P. Smeibidl, B. Schröder-Smeibidl, and F. Pobell, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 1665 (1995).
W. P. Halperin, C. N. Archie, F. B. Rasmussen, R. A. Buhrmann, and R. C. Richardson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 792 (1974).
A. Benoit, J. Bossy, and J. Flouquet, J. Physique Lett. 46, L923 (1985).
F. Pobell, T. Herrmannsdörfer, S. Rehmann, and W. Wendler, Czech. J. Phys. 46, 3279 (1996).
P.-A. Lindgård, X.-W. Wang, and B. N. Harmon, J. Magn. & Magn. Mater. 54–57, 1052 (1986); S. J. Frisken and D. J. Miller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 1052 (1986); D. J. Miller and S. J. Frisken, J. Appl. Phys. 64, 5630 (1988).
B. N. Harmon, X.-W. Wang, and P.-A. Lindgard, J. Magn. & Magn. Mater 104–107, 2113 (1992).
M. T. Huiku, M. T. Loponen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1288 (1982).
P. J. Hakonen, S. Yin, and K. K. Nummila, Europhys. Lett. 15, 677 (1991).
P. J. Hakonen, K. K. Nummila, R. T. Vuorinen, and O. V. Lounasmaa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 365 (1992).
H. A. Bethe, Z. Phys. 71, 205 (1931); L. Hulthén, Arkiv Mat. Astro. Fys. 26A, No. 11, 1–105 (1938).
F. D. M. Haldane, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 635 (1988; B. S. Shastry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 639 (1988).
K. Binder and A. P. Young, Rev. Mod. Phys. 58, 801 (1986).
P. W. Anderson, Mat. Res. Bull. 8, 153 (1973).
K. Siemensmeyer and M. Steiner, Z. Phys. B 89, 305 (1992).
G. J. Ehnholm, J. P. Ekström, J. F. Jacquinot, M. T. Loponen, O. V. Lounasmaa, and J. K. Soini, Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 1702 (1979).
M. T. Huiku, T. A. Jyrkkiö, and M. T. Loponen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 1516 (1983).
M. T. Huiku, T. A. Jyrkkiö, J. M. Kyynäräinen, A. S. Oja, and O. V. Lounasmaa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 1692 (1984); M. T. Huiku, T. A. Jyrkkiö, J. M. Kyynäräinen, M. T. Loponen, O. V. Lounasmaa, and A. S. Oja, J. Low Temp. Phys. 62, 433 (1986).
T. A. Jyrkkiö, M. T. Huiku, O. V. Lounasmaa, K. Siemensmeyer, K. Kakurai, M. Steiner, K. N. Clausen, and J. K. Kjems, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 2418 (1988).
T. A. Jyrkkiö, M. T. Huiku, K. Siemensmeyer, and K. N. Clausen, J. Low Temp. Phys. 74, 435 (1989).
A. J. Annila, K. N. Clausen, P.-A. Lindgard, O. V. Lounasmaa, A. S. Oja, K. Siemensmeyer, M. Steiner, J. T. Tuoriniemi, and H. Weinfurter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 1421 (1990); A. J. Annila, K. N. Clausen, A. S. Oja, J. T. Tuoriniemi, and H. Weinfurter, Phys. Rev. B 45, 7772 (1992).
H. E. Viertiö and A. S. Oja, Phys. Rev. B 42, 6857 (1990).
A. S. Oja and H. E. Viertiö, Phys. Rev. B 47, 237 (1993).
H. E. Viertiö and A. S. Oja, Phys. Rev. B 48, 1062 (1993).
P. J. Hakonen and S. Yin, J. Low Temp. Phys. 85, 25 (1991).
A. S. Oja, A. J. Annila, and Y. Takano, J. Low Temp. Phys. 85, 1 (1991).
P. J. Hakonen and R. T. Vuorinen, J. Low Temp. Phys. 89, 177 (1992).
H. Glättli and M. Goldman, Neutron Scattering, in Methods of Experimental Physics, K. Sköld and D. L. Price (eds.), Academic Press, New York (1987), Ch. 21.
K. Lefmann, J. T. Tuoriniemi, K. K. Nummila, and A. Metz, Z. Phys. B 102, 439 (1997).
J. T. Tuoriniemi, K. K. Nummila, K. Lefmann, R. T. Vuorinen, and A. Metz, Z. Phys. B 102, 433 (1997).
J. T. Tuoriniemi, K. K. Nummila, R. T. Vuorinen, O. V. Lounasmaa, A. Metz, K. Siemensmeyer, M. Steiner, K. Lefmann, K. N. Clausen, and F. B. Rasmussen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3744 (1995).
K. K. Nummila, Czech. J. Phys. 46, 3271 (1996).
See, e.g., A. Abragam, The Principles of Nuclear Magnetism, Oxford University Press, London (1961); M. Goldman, Spin Temperature and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Solids, Oxford University Press, London, (1970).
M. T. Huiku. M. T. Loponen, T. A. Jyrkkiö, J. M. Kyynäräinen, A. S. Oja, and J. K. Soini, in Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 133, U. Eckern, A. Schmid, W. Werber, and H. Wühl (eds.), Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam (1984).
See, e.g., P. Jauho and P. V. Pirilä, Phys. Rev. B 1, 21 (1970); F. Bacon, J. A. Barclay, W. D. Brewer, D. A. Shirley, and J. E. Templeton, Phys. Rev. B 5, 2397 (1972); E. Klein, in Low-Temperature Nuclear Orientation, N. J. Stone and H. Postma (eds.), Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam (1986), Ch. 12.
G. Breit and E. Wigner, Phys. Rev. 49, 519 (1936).
S. F. Mughabghab, M. Divadeenam, and N. E. Holden, Neutron resonance parameters and thermal cross sections, in Neutron Cross Sections 1, Part A, Z = 1–60, S. F. Mughabghab, R. R. Kinsey, and C. L. Dunford (eds.), Academic Press, New York (1981).
M. E. Rose, Phys. Rev. 75, 213 (1949).
R. I. Schermer, Phys. Rev. 130, 1907 (1963).
H. Postma, H. Marshak, V. L. Sailor, F. J. Shofe, and C. A. Reynolds, Phys. Rev. 126, 979 (1962).
L. Passell and R. I. Schermer, Phys. Rev. 150, 146 (1966).
H. Postma, in Low-Temperature Nuclear Orientation, N. J. Stone and H. Postma (eds.), Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam (1986), Ch. 7.
Yu. M. Bunkov, Cryogenics 29, 938 (1989).
See, e.g., F. Pobell, Matter and Methods at Low Temperatures, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1992).
D. Hechtfischer, Cryogenics 27, 503 (1987); J. Phys. E 20, 143 (1987).
See, e.g., P. M. Berglund, H. K. Collan, G. J. Ehnholm, R. G. Gylling, and O. V. Lounasmaa, J. Low Temp. Phys. 6, 357 (1972).
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburgh, MD 20899, USA; former National Bureau of Standards (NBS).
S. Yin and P. Hakonen, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 62, 1370 (1991).
K. Gloos, C. Mitschka, F. Pobell, and P. Smeibidl, Cryogenics 30, 14 (1990).
A. C. Anderson, R. E. Peterson, and J. E. Robichaux, Phys. Rev. Lett. 20, 459 (1968); E. R. Rumbo, J. Phys. F 6, 85 (1976).
Vacuumschmelze GMBH, Postfach 2253, D-63412, Germany.
Newport Corporation, 18235 Mt. Baldy Circle, Fountain Valley, CA 92728-8020 USA.
K. K. Nummila, Numerical Simulations on the Feasibility of Neutron Diffraction Experiments on Ordered Silver Nuclei (1991, unpublished).
Medgenics Diagnostics, Lise-Meitner Strasse 4a, 4030 Ratingen, Germany.
L. Koester, H. Rauch, and E. Seymann, At. Data and Nucl. Data Tables 49, 65 (1991).
G. J. Ehnholm, J. P. Ekström, J. F. Jacquinot, M. T. Loponen, O. V. Lounasmaa, and J. K. Soini, J. Low Temp. Phys. 39, 417 (1980).
A. J. Annila, K. N. Clausen, P. J. Hakonen, P.-A. Lindgard, O. V. Lounasmaa, K. K. Nummila, A. S. Oja, K. Siemensmeyer, M. Steiner, J. T. Tuoriniemi, H. Weinfurter, and H. E. Viertiö, Report Risø-M-2874 (1990).
M. A. Ruderman and C. Kittel, Phys. Rev. 96, 99 (1954).
L. H. Kjäldman and J. Kurkijärvi, Phys. Lett. 71A, 454 (1979).
A. S. Oja and P. Kumar, J. Low Temp. Phys. 66, 155 (1987).
H. E. Viertiö and A. S. Oja, Phys. Rev. B 36, 3805 (1987).
H. E. Viertiö, Theoretical Studies on Nuclear Magnetic Ordering in Copper and Silver, Ph.D. thesis, Helsinki University of Technology (1992).
P.-A. Lindgard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 629 (1988).
M. T. Heinilä and A. S. Oja, Phys. Rev. B 48, 7227 (1993).
H. E. Viertiö, Phys. Scripta T 33, 168 (1990).
H. E. Stanley, Introduction to Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, Oxford University Press (1971).
F. B. Rasmussen, K. Baklanov, T. Hassekram, S. Pedersen, C. B. Sørensen, P. E. Lindelof, R. T. Vuorinen, and L. Lipinski, Czech. J. Phys. 46, 2773 (1996).
R. L. Haese, F. E. Bertrand, B. Harmatz, and M. J. Martin, Nucl. Data Sheets 37, 289 (1982).
P. de Gelder, E. Jacobs, and D. de Frenne, Nucl. Data Sheets 38, 545 (1983).
E. Storm and H. I. Israel, Nucl. Data Tables A 7, 565 (1970).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nummila, K.K., Tuoriniemi, J.T., Vuorinen, R.T. et al. Neutron Diffraction Studies of Nuclear Magnetic Ordering in Silver. Journal of Low Temperature Physics 112, 73–116 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022293912218
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022293912218