Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The availability of potassium in Aeric Haplaquept and Typic Haplustert as affected by long-term cropping, fertilization and manuring

  • Published:
Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effect of long-term cropping, fertilization and manuring after 21years of rice-rice cropping on an Aeric Haplaquept and after 27years of soybean-wheat system on Typic Haplustert on the availability ofpotassium (K) using a Quantity-Intensity (Q/I) relationship was investigated atBhubaneswar and Jabalpur, respectively in India. Q/I relationships of potassiumprovide general information on the nature of K equilibrium and serve as a goodindex of K supplying power of soil. The treatments selected for the study were:control (no fertilizer), nitrogen (N), nitrogen + phosphorus(NP), nitrogen + phosphorus + potassium(NPK) and NPK + farmyard manure (FYM). Nutrients N, P and Kwere applied at 200 kg N/ha, 52 kg P/ha and 100kg K/ha in Aeric Haplaquept to the rice-rice system and220 kg N/ha, 96 kg P/ha and 77 kg K/hainTypic Haplustert to the soybean-wheat system. Farmyard manure was applied everyyear only to Kharif (wet season) rice at 10t/ha (Aeric Haplaquept) and 15 t/ha to soybean crop(Typic Haplustert). In both soils the values of equilibrium activity ratio (ARe K), the activity ratio of K in soil solution inequilibrium with the soil, non-specific or immediate available K and K onspecific sites or difficultly available K were observed in the following order:NPK + FYM > NPK > control > N > NP.The magnitude of ARe K < 0.001 (moll−1)1/2 showed that the K adsorption at edgepositions was predominant in NP plots in the Typic Haplustert and in control, Nand NP plots in the Aeric Haplaquept. The ΔK0 became morenegative in the NPK and NPK + FYM treated plots, therebyindicating a greater K release into the soil solution. The potential bufferingcapacity, a measure of the ability of the soil to maintain the intensity of Kinthe soil solution was low in both the soils, irrespective of fertilizertreatments and indicated poor K release and low K supplying capacity of thesoils. Free energies of exchange (ΔG) for the replacement of calcium withpotassium ranged from −5348 to −3379 cal M−1 K−1 and were associatedwithpotassium deficiencies in plants in both the soils. The Aeric Haplaquept hadvery low values of exchangeable + water soluble K,ARe K, KL and ΔG, thereby indicating a Kstress environment. The maximum and minimum contribution of non-exchangeable Kto plant uptake were found for NP and NPK + FYM plots,respectively. The results suggest that continuous cropping without K inputscaused a greater decline in K supplying power of the soil and emphasise theneedfor balanced and integrated use of organic and K inputs regularly to sustain asteady supply of K to successive crops.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anonymous 1999. Annual review of fertilizer production and consumption 1998-99 - Highlights. Fertilizer News (September 1999) 75-117.

  • Assimakopoulos H.J., Yassoglou N.J. and Bovis C.P. 1994. Effects of incubation at different contents, air-drying and K-additions on potassium availability of a Vertisol sample. Geoderma 61: 223–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckett P.H.T. 1964a. Studies on soil potassium. I. Confirmation of the ratio law: measurement of potassium potential. J. Soil Sci. 15: 1-8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckett P.H.T. 1964b. Studies on soil potassium. II. The immediate Q/I relations of labile potassium in the soil. J. Soil. Sci. 15: 9-23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckett P.H.T. 1971. Potassium potentials-A review. Potash Rev. Sub 5. International Potash Institute, Bern, Switzerland, pp. 1–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckett P.H.T., Craig H.B., Nafady M.H.M. and Watson J.P. 1966. Studies in soil potassium. Plant Soil 25: 435-455.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckett P.H.T. and Nafady M.H.M. 1967. Studies on soil potas-sium: VI. The effect of K fixation and release on the form of the K:(Ca + Mg) exchange isotherm. J. Soil. Sci. 18: 244-262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckett P.H.T. and Nafady M.H.M. 1969. The effect of prolonged cropping on the exchange surfaces of the clays of Broadbalk field. J. Soil. Sci. 20: 1-10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beegle D.B. and Baker D.E. 1987. Differential potassium buffer behaviour of individual soils related to potassium corrective treatments. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 18: 371-385.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bundy L.G. and Bremner J.M. 1972. A single titrimetric method for determination of inorganic carbon in soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 36: 273-275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandi K.S. and Sidhu P.S. 1983. Quantity-intensity relationships of potassium in three soils from West Bengal. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 31: 476-481.

    Google Scholar 

  • Das S.C., Sen Gupta M. and Ghosh S.K. 1980. The quantity-intensity relationship of some soil clays of West Bengal in relation to their clay mineralogy. Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad. 46A: 509-518.

    Google Scholar 

  • Day P.R. 1965. Particle fractionation and particle size analysis. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Agronomy Monograph No. 9. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp. 545-567.

    Google Scholar 

  • de la Horra A.M., Effron D., Jimenez M.P. and Conti M. 1998. Effect of potassium fertilisers on quality-intensity parameters in some Argentine soils. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 29: 671–680.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhillon S.K., Sidhu P.S., Dhillon K.S. and Pasricha N.S. 1986. Quantity-intensity relationships of potassium in some soils of North-West India. J. Potassium Res. 2: 75-82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganeshamurthy A.N. and Biswas C.R. 1984. Q/I relationship of potassium in two soils of long term experiments. Fertil. Res. 5: 197-201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamdan J., Burnham C.P. and Ruhana B. 1999. Evaluation of quantity-intensity relationships of potassium in deeply weathered soil profile developed over granite from Peninsular Malaysia. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 30: 2311-2321.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanway J.J. and Heidel H. 1952. Soil Analysis Methods as used in Iowa State College, Soil Testing Laboratory. Iowa Agric. Res. 71: 364-374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jimenez C. and Parra M.A. 1991. Potassium quantity-intensity relationships in calcareous Vertisols and Inceptisols of Southwestern Spain. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55: 985-989.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston A.E. and Addiscott T.M. 1971. Potassium in soils under different cropping systems. I. Behaviour of K remaining in soils from classical and rotation experiments at Rothamsted and Woburn and evaluation of methods of measuring soil potassium. J. Agric. Sci. 76: 539-552.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee R. 1973. The K/Ca, Q/I relationship and preferential ad-sorption sites for potassium. New Zealand soil bureau scientific report II. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Zealand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Roux J. 1966. Studies on ionic equilibria in native soils, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Natal, Natal, Republic of South Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Roux J. and Sumner M.E. 1968. Labile potassium in soils. I. Factors affecting the quantity-intensity (Q/I) parameters. Soil Sci. 106: 35-41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore W.J. 1972. Physical Chemistry. 4th edn. Prentice Hall Co., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pagel H. and Fundora C.O. 1981. Changes in various characteristic values of the K status of important Cuban soils due to K fertilisation and K depletion. Beitrage Zur Tropischen Landwirtschaft und Veterinarmedizin 19: 261-274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pasricha N.S. and Ponnamperuma F.N. 1976. Ionic equilibria in flooded saline and alkali soils. The K+-(Ca2+ + Mg2+) exchange equilibria. Soil Sci. 124: 236-242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patil Y.M. and Sonar K.R. 1992. Quantity-intensity parameters of soil potassium in some sugarcane growing swell-shrink soils of Maharashtra. Deccan Sugar Technologists Association of India, Part I, A109-A118.

  • Poss R., Fardeau J.C. and Saragoni H. 1996. Sustainable agriculture in the tropics: The case of potassium under maize cropping in Togo. Nutrient Cycl. Agroecosyst. 46: 205-213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell R.D. and Webb J.R. 1974. Effects of high rates of fertilizer N, P and K on corn (Zea maysL.) leaf nutrient concentrations. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 5: 93-104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prasad B. 1990. Availability and critical limits of potassium in wheat and Jagdishpur Bagha soil series (calciorthents) of Bihar. J. Potassium Res. 6: 96-105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quemener J. 1986. Important factors in potassium balance sheets. Proceedings of the 13th Congress on Nutrient Balance and Need for Potassium. International Potash Institute, Bern, Switzerland, pp. 33-63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards L.A. 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. USDA Agricultural Handbook No. 60. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy H.K., Kumar Ajay and Sarkar A.K. 1991. Quantity-intensity relations of potassium in a representative and sedentary soils of Ranchi. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 39: 175-177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahoo D., Rout K.K. and Mishra V. 1998. Effect of twenty five years of fertilizer application on productivity of rice-rice system. In: Swarup A., Damodar Reddy D. and Prasad R.N. (eds), Proceedings of a National Workshop on Long-Term Soil Fertility Management through Integrated Plant Nutrient Supply. Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, India, pp. 206-214.

    Google Scholar 

  • San Valentin G.O., Zelazny L.W. and Robertson W.K. 1973. Potassium exchange characteristics of a Rhodic Paleudult. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Florida Proc. 32: 128-132.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Schouwenburg J.C. and Schuffelen A.C. 1963. Potassium exchange behaviour of an illite. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 11: 13-22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair A.H. 1979. Availability of potassium in ryegrass from Scottish soils. I. Effects of intensive cropping on potassium parameters. J. Soil Sci. 30: 757-773.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh M., Mittal S.B., Singh A.P. and Singh R. 1984. Effect of fertilizer potassium in an intensive cropping system on its availability in a Sierozem soil. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 32: 690-695.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparks D.L. and Huang P.M. 1985. Physical chemistry of soil potassium: Potassium in Agriculture. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 201-276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparks D.L. and Liebhardt W.C. 1981. Effects of long-term lime and potassium applications on quantity-intensity (Q/I) relationship in sandy soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 45: 768-790.

    Google Scholar 

  • Subba Rao A. and Sekhon G.S. 1990. Potassium availability as measured by Q/I relations in soils differing in mineralogy and texture. Agrochimica XXXIV: 59-68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swarup A. and Ghosh A.B. 1979. Effect of intensive cropping and manuring on soil properties and crop yields. J. Agric. Sci. 49: 938-944.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swarup A. and Singh K.N. 1989. Effect of continuous fertilizer use on Q/I relationship of K in sodic soil cropped with rice and wheat for twelve years. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 37: 399-401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swarup A. and Srinivasa Rao C.h. 1999. Current status of crop responses to fertilisers in different agroclimatic zones: Experiences of All India Coordinated Research Project on Long Term Fertilizer Experiments. Fertil. News 44: 27-43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tembhare B.R., Dwivedi A.K. and Tiwari A. 1998. Effect of continuous cropping and fertilizer use on crop yields and fertility of a Typic Haplustert. In: Swarup A., Damodar Reddy D. and Prasad R.N. (eds), Proceedings of a NationalWorkshop on Long-Term Soil Fertility Management through Integrated Plant Nutrient Supply. Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, India, pp. 221-228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tinker B. 1964. Studies on soil potassium. III. Cation activity ratios in acid Nigerian soils. J. Soil Sci. 15: 24-36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel A.I. 1978. Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis. ELBS, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walkley A. and Black I.A. 1934. An examination of the Degitjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 37: 29-38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodruff C.M. 1955a. Cation activities in the soil solution and energies of cationic exchange. Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 19: 98-99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodruff C.M. 1955b. The energies of replacement of calcium by potassium in soils. Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 19: 167-171.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal, India

    T.R. Rupa, S. Srivastava & A. Swarup

  2. Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India

    D. Sahoo

  3. J.N. Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Jabalpur, India

    B.R. Tembhare

Authors
  1. T.R. Rupa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Srivastava
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. Swarup
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. D. Sahoo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. B.R. Tembhare
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rupa, T., Srivastava, S., Swarup, A. et al. The availability of potassium in Aeric Haplaquept and Typic Haplustert as affected by long-term cropping, fertilization and manuring. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 65, 1–11 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021815821161

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021815821161

Search

Navigation