Abstract
Peroxidase-catalyzed polymerization of lignin-based macromonomers (lignophenols), lignocatechol and lignocresol, prepared by phenolation of lignin with catechol or p-cresol, was carried out in aqueous organic solvent mixtures. The two lignophenols were polymerized to give cross-linked polymers. The highest yield of polymerization (83%, w/w) was obtained with lignocatechol, and the maximum yield for the polymerization of lignocresol was 55% (w/w). Pyrolysis GC-MS analysis of polymers indicated that the polymerization of lignophenols involved the oxidative coupling of the introduced phenol derivatives.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adler E (1977) Lignin chemistry – past, present and future. Wood Sci. Technol. 11: 169–218.
Akkara JA, Senecal KJ, Kaplan DL (1991) Synthesis and characterization of polymers produced by horseradish peroxidase in dioxane. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 29: 1561–1574.
Blinkovsky AM, Dordick JS (1993) Peroxidase-catalyzed synthesis of lignin-phenol copolymers. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 31: 1839–1846.
Crestini C, Sermanni GG, Argyropoulos DS (1998) Structural modifications induced during biodegradation of wheat lignin by Lentinula edodes. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 6: 967–973.
Funaoka M (1998) A new type of phenol lignin-based network polymer with the structure-variable function composed of 1,1-diarylpropane units. Polym. Int. 47: 277–290.
Funaoka M, Matsubara M, Seki N, Fukatsu S (1995) Conversion of native lignin to a highly phenol functional polymer and its separation from lignocellulosics. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 46: 544–552.
Hüttermann A, Mai C, Kharazipour A (2001) Modification of lignin for the production of new compounded materials. Appl. Microb. Biotechnol. 55: 387–394.
Kuroda K, Ozawa T, Ueno T (2001) Characterization of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu) lignin by analytical pyrolysis. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49: 1840–1847.
Ralph J, Hatfield RD (1991) Pyrolysis-GC-MS characterization of forage materials. J. Agric. Food Chem. 39: 1426–1437.
Sonoda T, Ona T, Yokoi H, Ishida Y, Ohtani H, Tsuge S (2001) Quantitative analysis of detailed lignin monomer composition by pyrolysis-gas chromatography combined with preliminary acetylation of the samples. Anal. Chem. 73: 5429–5435.
Xu H, Lai YZ, Slomczynski D, Nakas JP, Tanenbaum SW (1997) Mediator-assisted selective oxidation of lignin model compounds by laccase from Botrytis cinerea. Biotechnol. Lett. 19: 957–960.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xia, Z., Yoshida, T. & Funaoka, M. Enzymatic synthesis of polyphenols from highly phenolic lignin-based polymers (lignophenols). Biotechnology Letters 25, 9–12 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021705426181
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021705426181