Abstract
Thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to study the thermal behaviour of the organic matter in the natural phosphate and its concentrate kerogen from the Moroccan deposit. The TG analysis showed that both the investigated samples exhibited a one-step thermal oxidation in the main mass loss area, between 160 and 540°C, attributed to the hydrocarbon material. When DSC analyses of oxidation as well as pyrolysis yielded two evolutionary stages of the hydrocarbon in this temperature range : the first one at 160-360°C and the second one above 360°C. Pyrolytic kerogen decomposition was monitored by measuring changes in the principal FTIR organic bands. The results showed, in the first stage, the progressive decrease of signals due to CH2 and CH3 vibrations as well as the carbonyl and carboxylic bands, and their subsequent disappearance at 300°C. In the second stage above 400°C, the signal due to the aromatic components (1600 cm-1) appeared but decreased with increasing temperature up to 540°C.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
B. Durand and J. C. Monin, in: B. Durand (Ed.), Kerogen, Edition Technip, Paris 1980, p. 301.
B. B. Tissot and D. H. Welte, Petroleum Formation and Occurrence, Springer Verlag, Berlin 1978, p. 163.
T. Mongenot, S. Derenne, C. Largeau, N. P. Tribovillard, E. Lallier-Vergès, D. Dessort and J. Connan, Org. Geochem., 30 (1999) 39.
A. Riboulleau, S. Derenne, G. Sarret, C. Largeau, F. Baudin and J. Connan, Org. Geochem., 31 (2000) 1641.
H. Ganz and W. Kalkreuth, Fuel, 66 (1987) 708.
L. Ballice, M. Yüksel, M. Saglam, H. Schulz and C. Hanoglu, Fuel, 74 (1995) 1618.
P. C. Painter, R. W. Snyder, D. E. Pearson and J. Kwong, Fuel, 59 (1980) 282.
H. R. Rose and D. R. Smith, Energy and Fuel, 7 (1993) 319.
J. V. Ibarra, E. Muñoz and R. Moliner, Org. Geochem., 24 (1996) 725.
C. P. Marshall, M. A. Wilson, B. Hartung-Kagi and G. Hart, Chem. Geo., 175 (2001) 623.
M. Zayad, M. Khaddor and M. Halim, Fuel, 72 (1993) 655.
S. Benalioullhaj, Thesis, University of Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France 1991.
A. Aouad, L. Bilali, M. Ben Chanâa and A. Mokhlisse, J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 67 (2002) 733.
B. Durand, G. Nicise, in: B. Durand (Ed.), Kerogen, Edition Technip, Paris 1980, p. 35.
C. P. Marshall, H. R. Rose, G. S. H. Lee, G. L. Mur and M. A. Wilson, Org. Geochem., 30 (1999) 1339.
R. Knubovets, Y. Nathan, S. Shoval and J. Robinowitz, J. Thermal Anal., 50 (1997) 229.
Y. Yürüm, Y. Dror and M. Levy, Fuel Process. Technol., 10 (1985) 76.
S. Cetinkaya and Y. Yürüm, Fuel Process. Technol., 67 (2000) 177.
P. G. Rouxhet, P. L. Robin and G. Nicise, in: B. Durand (Ed.), Kerogen, Edition Technip, Paris 1980, p. 163.
B. L. Yule, S. Robert and J. E. A. Marshall, Organic Geochem., 31 (2000) 859.
P. Faure, P. Landais and L. Griffault, Fuel, 78 (1999) 1515.
A. G. Borrego, J. G. Prado, E. Fuente, M. D. Guillén and C. G. Blanco, J. Anal. Appl. Pyro., 56 (2000) 1.
R. A. Haddadin and K. M. Tawarah, Fuel, 95 (1980) 539.
A. W. Weitkamp and L. C. Gutberlet, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development, 9 (1970) 386.
O. Jaber and S. D. Probert, Fuel Process. Technol., 63 (2000) 57.
S. Lee, M. E. Polasky and R. Joshi, Eastern Oil Shale Symposium, University of Kentucky, KY, 13-16 November 1983.
D. Skala, M. Sokic and H. Kossch, Thermochim. Acta, 134 (1988) 353.
O. Dogan and D. Z. Uyzel, Fuel, 75 (1996) 1424.
N. Ahmed and P. T. Williams, J. Anal. Appl. Pyro., 46 (1998) 31.
D. Skala, S. Korica, D. Vitorovic and H. J. Neumann, J. Thermal Anal., 49 (1997) 745.
M. V. Kök and M. R. Pamir, J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 53 (1998) 567.
W. I. Stuart and J. H. Levy, Fuel, 66 (1987) 493.
V. D. Allred, Chem. Eng. Progr., 62 (1966) 55.
C. S. Wen and T. F. Yen, Chem. Eng. Sci., 32 (1977) 346.
J. H. Campbell, G. H. Koskinas and N. D. Stout, Fuel, 57 (1978) 372.
M. Vassallo, P. A. Cole-Clarke, L. S. K. Pang and A. Palmisano, J. Appl. Spectrosc., 46 (1992) 46.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Aouad, A., Benchanâa, M., Mokhlisse, A. et al. Study of thermal behaviour of organic matter from natural phosphates (Youssoufia - Morocco). Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 70, 593–603 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021601329760
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021601329760