Abstract
This study was undertaken to provide cytogenetic information about onset and sequence of RBA-band replication on the inactive X-chromosomes of cattle, river buffalo and goat. Blood cultures were synchronized overnight with thymidine after 48 hours of growth. The cell block was released with fresh medium and the cells allowed to grow in the presence of BrdU and H33258 for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 hours, including 20 minutes colcemide. Results show that: (a) the onset of RBA-banding replication was 12 hours before mitosis in cattle and river buffalo, 14 hours in the goat; (b) the replication process was still ‘on’ in cattle and river buffalo one hour before mitosis, whereas it was ‘off’ in the goat; consequently the length of the G2 phase was less than one hour in cattle and river buffalo and one hour or slightly longer in the goat; (c) the first band undergoing replication was identified as band Xq31 in cattle, homologous to band Xq34-36 in river buffalo and Xq24 in the goat; (d) the second replicating band was the Xp22 in cattle, homologous to band Xq21 in river buffalo and Xq34 in the goat, respectively; (e) the sequence of RBA-band replication was quite similar between cattle and river buffalo, but reversed in the goat, due to the wide chromosomal rearrangements which differentiated the X-chromosome of Caprinae from that of Bovinae.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson CL, Brown CJ (1999) Polymorphic X-chromosome inactivation of the human TIMP1 gene. Am J Hum Genet 65: 699-708.
Boggs BA, Chinault AG (1994) Analysis of replication timing properties of human X-chromosomal loci by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 6083-6087.
Carrell L, Willard HF (1999) Heterogeneous gene expression from the inactive X chromosome: an X-linked gene that escapes X inactivation in some human cell lines but is inactivated in others. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 7364-7369.
CSKBB (1994) Standard karyotype of the river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L., 2n = 50): report of the committee for the standardisation of banded karyotypes of the river buffalo (L. Iannuzzi, coordinator). Cytogenet Cell Genet 67: 102-113.
Di Berardino D, Burguete I (1998) High resolution RBA-banding comparison between early prometaphase chromosomes of cattle (Bos taurus L.) and goat (Capra hircus L.) at 700 band level. Cytogenet Cell Genet 83: 130-138.
Disteche C (1995) Escape from X inactivation in human and mouse. Trends Genet 11: 17-22.
Disteche C (1999) Escapes on the X chromosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 14180-14182.
Dutrillaux B, Laurent C, Couturier J, Lejeune J (1973) Coloration des chromosomes humains par l'acridine orange apre' s traitement par la 5-bromodeoxyuridine. C R Acad Sci Sér D 276: 3179-3182.
Gartler SM, Goldman MA (1994) Reactivation of inactive X-linked genes. Dev Genet 15: 504-514.
Hansen RS, Canfield TK, Fjeld AD, Gartler SM (1996) Role of late replication timing in the silencing of X-linked genes. Hum Mol Genet 5: 1345-1353.
Hartwell LH, Kastan MB (1994) Cell cycle control and cancer. Science 266: 1821-1828.
Hayes H, Petit E, Dutrillaux B (1991) Comparison of RBG-banded karyotypes of cattle, sheep and goats. Cytogenet Cell Genet 57: 51-55.
Iannuzzi L, Di Meo GP, Perucatti A, Ferrara L (1990) A comparison of G-and R-banding in cattle and river buffalo prometaphase chromosomes. Caryologia 43: 283-290.
Iannuzzi L, Di Meo GP (1995) Chromosomal evolution in Bovids: a comparison of cattle, sheep and goat G-and R-banded chromosomes and cytogenetic divergences among cattle, goat and river buffalo sex chromosomes. Chrom Res 3: 291-299.
Iannuzzi L, Di Meo GP, Perucatti A, Incarnato D, Schibler L, Cribiu EP (2000) Comparative FISH mapping of bovid X chromosomes reveals homologies and divergences between the subfamilies Bovinae and Caprinae. Cytogenet Cell Genet 89: 171-176.
ISCNDA89 (1990) International System for Cytogenetic Nomenclature of Domestic Animals. Cytogenet Cell Genet 53: 65-79.
ISCNDB2000 (2001) International System for Chromosome Nomenclature of Domestic bovids. Cytogenet Cell Genet 92: 283-299.
Piumi F, Schibler L, Vaiman D, Oustry A, Cribiu EP (1998) Comparative cytogenetic mapping reveals chromosome arrangements between the X chromosome of two closely related mammalian species (cattle and goats). Cytogenet Cell Genet 81: 36-41.
Reading Conference (1980) Proceedings of the first international conference for the standardisation of banded karyotypes of domestic animals. Hereditas 92: 145-162.
Robinson TJ, Harrison WR, Ponce de Leon FA, Davis SK, Elder FFB (1998) A molecular cytogenetic analysis of the X-chromosome repatterning in the Bovidae: transpositions, inversions, and phylogenetic inference. Cytogenet Cell Genet 80: 179-184.
Ronne M (1984) Fluorouracil synchronization of human lymphocyte cultures. Induction of high resolution R-banding by simultaneous in vitro exposure to 5-bromodeoxyuridine/ Hoechst33258. Hereditas 101: 205-208.
Weinert T, Lydall D (1993) Cell cycle checkpoints, genetic instability and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 4: 129-140.
Widrow RJ, Hansen RS, Kawame H, Gartler SM, Laird CD (1998) Very late DNA replication in the human cell cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 11246-11250.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Di Berardino, D., Coppola, G., Verdoliva, C. et al. Onset and sequence of RBA-band replication on the inactive X-chromosomes of cattle (Bos taurus L.), river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L.) and goat (Capra hircus L.). Chromosome Res 10, 637–643 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021560225409
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021560225409