Abstract
This is an exposition of examples and classes of finitely-generated groups which have uniform exponential growth. The main examples are non-Abelian free groups, semi-direct products of free Abelian groups with automorphisms having an eigenvalue of modulus distinct from 1, and Golod–Shafarevich infinite finitely-generated p-groups. The classes include groups which virtually have non-Abelian free quotients, nonelementary hyperbolic groups, appropriate free products with amalgamation, HNN-extensions and one-relator groups, as well as soluble groups of exponential growth. Several open problems are formulated.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
[AdS-57] Adel'son-Vel'skii, G. M. and Sreider, Yu. A.: The Banach mean on groups, Uspekhi Mat. Nauk. (NS) 12(6) (1957), 131–136 [Russian original: Uspekhi Mat. Nauk (NS) 12(6) (1957) (78), pp. 131-136].
[Alp] Alperin, R.: Uniform growth of polycyclic groups, Geom. Dedicata 92 (2002), 105–113.
[ArL] Arzhantseva, G. N. and Lysenok, I. G.: Growth tightness for word hyperbolic groups, Preprint (http://www.unige.ch/math/biblio/preprint/pp2001.html).
[ArO-96] Arzhantseva, G. N. and Ol'shanskii, A. Yu.: The class of groups all of whose subgroups with lesser number of generators are free is generic, Math. Notes 59 (1996), 350–355.
[BaG-99] Bartholdi, L. and Grigorchuk, R.: Lie methods in growth of groups and groups of finite width, In: M. Atkinson et al. (eds), Computationaland Geometric Aspects of Modern Algebra, London Math. Soc. Lecture Note Ser. 275, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000, pp. 1–27.
[BaP-78] Baumslag, B. and Pride, S. J.: Groups with two more generators than relators, J. London Math. Soc. 17 (1978), 435–436.
[BaP-79] Baumslag, B. and Pride, S. J.: Groups with one more generator than relators, Math. Z. 167 (1979), 279–281.
[BCG-95] Besson, G., Courtois, G. and Gallot, S.: Entropies et rigidités des espaces localement symétriques de courbure strictement négative, Geom. Funct. Anal. 5 (1995), 731–799.
[BCG-96] Besson, G., Courtois, G. and Gallot, S.: Minimal entropy and Mostow's rigidity theorems, Ergodic Theory Dynam. Systems 16 (1996), 623–649.
[BuH-00] Bucher, M. and de la Harpe, P.: Free products with amalgamation and HNNextensions of uniformly exponential growth, Math. Notes 67 (2000), 686–689.
[CeG-97] Ceccherini-Silberstein, T. G. and Grigorchuk, R. I.: Amenability and growth of one-relator groups, Enseign. Math. 43 (1997), 337–354.
[CFP-96] Cannon, J. W., Floyd, W. J. and Parry, W. R.: Introductory notes on Richard Thompson's groups, Enseign. Math. 42 (1996), 215–256.
[Din-71] Dinaburg, E. I.: A connection between various entropy characteristics of dynamical systems, Math. USSR Izvest. 5 (1971), 337–378.
[Edj-84] Edjvet, M.: Groups with balanced presentations, Arch. Math. 42 (1984), 311–313.
[EMO] Eskin, A., Mozes, S. and Hee Oh: Uniform exponential growth for linear groups, Internat. Math. Res. Notices 2002(31) (2002), 1675–1683.
[Fri-96] Friedland, S.: Entropy of graphs, semigroups and groups, In: M. Pollicott and K. Schmidt (eds), Ergodic Theory of Z d -Actions, London Math. Soc. Lecture Notes Ser. 228, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996, pp. 319–343.
[GeZ] Gelander, T. and Zuk, A.: Dependence of Kazhdan constants on generating subsets, Israel J. Math. 129 (2002), 93–98.
[GLP-81] Gromov, M., Lafontaine, J. and Pansu, P.: Structures métriques pour les variétés riemanniennes, Cedic/F. Nathan, 1981.
[GLP-99] Gromov, M., with appendices by M. Katz, P. Pansu, and S. Semmes, edited by J. Lafontaine and P. Pansu, translated by S. M. Bates: Metric Structures for Riemannian and Non-Riemannian Spaces, Progr. in Math. 152, Birkhäuser, Basel, 1999.
[GLW-88] Ghys, E., Langevin, R. and Walczak, P.: Entropie géométrique des feuilletages, Acta Math. 160 (1988), 105–142.
[Gol-64] Golod, E. S.: On nil-algebras and finitely approximable p-groups, Amer. Math. Soc. Transl. Ser. (2) 48 (1965), 103–106 [Russian original: Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR Ser. Mat. 28 (1964), 273-276].
[Gon-98] Gonciulea, C.: Non virtually abelian Coxeter groups virtually surject onto Z Z, PhD thesis, Ohio State University, 1998.
[GoS-64] Golod, E. S. and Shafarevich, I. R.: On class field towers, Amer. Math. Soc. Transl. Ser. (2) 48 (1965), 91–102 [Russian original: Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR Ser. Mat. 28 (1964), 261-272].
[GrH-97] Grigorchuk, R. I. and de la Harpe, P.: On problems related to growth, entropy and spectrum in group theory, J. Dynam. ControlSystems 3(1) (1997), 51–89.
[GrH] Grigorchuk, R. I. and de la Harpe, P.: Limit behaviour of exponential growth rates for finitely generated groups, In: Étienne Ghys et al. (eds), Essays on Geometry and Related Topics, Mémoires dédiés àAndréHaefliger, Volume 2, Monographie 38, Enseign. Math., 2001, pp. 351–370.
[GrH-01] Grigorchuk, R. I. and de la Harpe, P.: One-relator groups of exponential growth have uniformly exponential growth, Math. Notes 69 (2001), 628–630.
[Gri-89] Grigorchuk, R. I.: On the Hilbert-Poincare´ series of graded algebras that are associated with groups, Math. USSR Sb. 66 (1990), 211–229 [Russian original: Mat. Sb. (N.S.) 180(2) (1989), 211-229].
[GrM-97] Grigorchuk, G. I. and Mamaghani, M. J.: On use of iterates of endomorphisms for constructing groups with specific properties, Math. Stud. 8 (1997), 198–206.
[Gro-77] Gromov, M.: Entropy of holomorphic maps, Circulated preprint, IHES (1977).
[Gro-82] Gromov, M.: Volume and bounded cohomology, Publ. Math. IHES 56 (1982), 5–100.
[Haa-79] Haagerup, U.: An example of a nonnuclear C_-algebra which has the metric approximation property, Invent. Math. 50 (1979), 279–293.
[Har-00] de la Harpe, P.: Topics in Geometric Group Theory, Univ. Chicago Press, 2000.
[JoVa-91] Jolissaint, P. and Valette, A.: Normes de Sobolev et convoluteurs borne´ s sur L2(G), Ann. Inst. Fourier 41 (1991), 797–822.
[KaM-85] Kargapolov, M. and Merzliakov, Iou.: Eléments de la théorie des groupes, Editions Mir, 1985.
[Kou-98] Koubi, M.: Croissance uniforme dans les groupes hyperboliques, Ann. Inst. Fourier 48 (1998), 1441–1453.
[Lan-65] Lang, S.: Algebra, Addison-Wesley, Englewood Cliffs, 1965.
[Lin-84] Lind, D. A.: The entropies of topological Markov shifts and a related class of algebraic integers, Ergod. Theory Dynam. Systems 4 (1984), 283–300.
[Man-79] Manning, A.: Topological entropy for geodesic flows, Ann. of Math. 110 (1979), 567–573.
[MaV-00] Margulis, G. A. and Vinberg, E. B.: Some linear groups virtually having a free quotient, J. Lie Theory 1 (2000), 171–180.
[Mi-68a] Milnor, J.: A note on curvature and fundamental group, J. Differential Geom. 2 (1968), 1–7 [Collected Papers, vol. 1, pages 53 and 55-61].
[Mi-68b] Milnor, J.: Growth of finitely generated solvable groups, J. Differential Geom. 2 (1968), 447–449.
[Osi-a] Osin, D.: The entropy of solvable groups, Ergod. Theory Dynam. Systems (to appear).
[Osi-b] Osin, D.: Algebraic entropy and amenability of groups, Preprint (http://www. unige.ch/math/biblio/preprint/2001/tightf.ps).
[Pat-99] Paternain, G. P.: Geodesic Flows, Progr. in Math. 180, Birkhäuser, Basel, 1999.
[Ros-74] Rosenblatt, J. M.: Invariant measures and growth conditions, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 193 (1974), 33–53.
[RoW-84] Robinson, D. J. and Wilson, J. S.: Soluble groups with many polycyclic quotients, Proc. London Math. Soc. 48 (1984), 193–229.
[Sam-99] Sambusetti, A.: Minimal growth of non-Hopfian free products, CR Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. I 329 (1999), 943–946.
[Sel-99] Sela, Z.: Endomorphisms of hyperbolic groups I: the Hopf property, Topology 38, 301–321.
[Stö-83] Sto¨ hr, R.: Groups with one more generator than relators, Math. Z. 182 (1983), 45–47.
[Sva-55] Svarc, A. S.: Volume invariants of coverings (in Russian), Dokl. Akad. Nauk. 105 (1955), 32–34.
[Sha-00] Shalom, Y.: Explicit Kazhdan constants for representations of semisimple and arithmetic groups, Ann. Inst. Fourier 50 (2000), 833–863.
[ShW-92] Shalen, P. B. and Wagreich, P.: Growth rates, Zp-homolgy, and volumes of hyperbolic 3-manifolds, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 331 (1992), 895–917.
[Tit-81] Tits, J.: Groupes a´ croissance polynomiale, Séminaire Bourbaki, 1980/81, Lecture Notes in Math. 901, Springer, New York, 1981, pp. 176–188.
[Wol-68] Wolf, J. A.: Growth of finitely generated solvable groups and curvature of Riemannian manifolds, J. Differential Geom. 2 (1968), 421–446.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Harpe, P.D.L. Uniform Growth in Groups of Exponential Growth. Geometriae Dedicata 95, 1–17 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021273024728
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021273024728