Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Genetic variability of Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntz based on AFLP analysis and host-parasite interaction

  • Published:
Euphytica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

AFLP analysis was used to estimate genetic variability within and among 14 populations of Striga asiaticaL. Kuntze collected from different locations within the Republic of Benin. The mean within-population genetic distances ranged from 0.028 to 0.038, while the mean among-population genetic distances ranged from 0.019to 0.088, with an assumed minimum genetic distance of0.01 in each case. Intra- and inter-population variation was reflected by a highly significant R2 of 0.61for the regression of geographic distance versus genetic distance. Interactions of the different Strigapopulations with susceptible host genotypes, 8338-1 (Zea mays) and CK60B (Sorghum bicolor),indicated a high degree of host-specialization, with CK60B failing to support growth of the parasite from any of the populations. The various Striga populations also exhibited different degrees of virulence on susceptible host plants. Our results support the hypothesis that different populations of this parasite may well be considered and treated as ecotypes in plant breeding programs developing resistance to S. asiatica.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aggarwal, V.D., 1988. An approach to cowpea-Striga control through plant breeding. In: T.O. Robson & H.R. Broad (Eds.), Proc FAO/OAU All-African Gov Consult on Striga. pp. 162- 169. Oct. 22- 24, 1986, Maroua, Cameroon. FAO, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • Almeida, J., R. Carpenter, T.P. Robbins, C. Martin & E.S. Coen, 1989. Genetic interactions underlying flower color patterns in Antirrhinum majus. Genes & Devel 3: 1758–1767.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous, 1996. Striga in Africa: Source - Pan African Striga Control Network (PASCON) Secretariat.

  • Bebawi, F., 1981. Intraspecific physiological variants of Striga hermonthica. Exp Agric 6: 419–423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bebawi, F., A. Awad & S. Khalid, 1986. Germination, host preference and phenolic content of witchweed (S. hermonthica) seed populations. Weed Sci 34: 529–532.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berner, D.K., M.O. Alabi, U. Di-Umba & F.O. Ikie, 1996. Proposed integrated control program for Striga hermonthica in Africa. In: M.T. Moreno, J.I. Cubero, D. Berner, D. Joel, L. Musselman & C. Parker (Eds.), Advances in Parasitic Plant Research, pp. 817–825. Proceedings of the 6th Parasitic Weeds Symposium, April 16- 18, Junta de Andalucia, Direction General de Investigation Agraria, Cordoba, Spain.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berner, D.K. & O.A. Williams, 1998. Germination of Striga gesnerioides seeds stimulated by hosts and non-hosts. Plant Disease 82(11): 1242–1247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bharathalakshmi & Jayachandra, 1979. Physiological variation in Striga asiatica. In: L.J. Musselman, E.D.Worsham & R.E. Eplee (Eds.), Proc 2nd Int Symp on Parasitic Weeds, pp. 132- 143. July 16- 19, 1979. Raleigh, North Carolina.

  • Breyne, P., D. Rombaut, A. Van Gysel, M. Van Montagu & T. Gerats, 1999. AFLP analysis of genetic diversity within and between Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes. Mol Gen Genet 261: 627–634.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, L.G., 1995. Chemical communication between parasitic weed, Striga and its host crop, a new dimension in allelochemistry. In: Indejit, M. Dakshini & F.A. Einhelling (Eds.), Allelopathy: organisms, process, and applications, pp. 158–168. ACS Symposium Series 582, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doggett, H., 1952. Annual report of the Botanist Ukiriguru, for the year 1950. Tanganyika Dept. Agr. Annual report, pp. 221- 241.

  • Doggett, H., 1970. Sorghum. London (U.K.), Longmans, pp. 403.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dogget, H., 1984. Striga. Its biology and control - An overview. In: E.S. Ayensu, C. Parker, H. Dogget, R.D. Kryness, J. Marton-Lefvre, L.J. Musselman & A. Pickrting (Eds.), Striga biology and control, pp. 27–36. International Council of Scientific Union, Paris, France, and the International Development Center, Ottawa, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doyle, J.J. & B.S. Gaut, 2000. Evolution of genes and taxa: a primer. Plant Mol Biol 42: 1–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Efron, B. & G. Gong, 1983. A leisure look at the bootstrap, the jackknife, and cross-validation. Am Stat 37: 36–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Efron, Y., S.K. Kim, V. Parkinson & N. Bosque-Perez, 1988. IITA's strategies to develop Striga resistant maize germplasm. In: T.O. Robson & H.R. Broad (Eds.), Proceedings of the FAO/OAU All-African Government Consultation on Striga, pp. 141- 153. Oct. 22- 24, 1986, Maroua, Cameroon. FAO, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, R.P., J.W. McNicol, E. Baird, A. Booth, P. Lawrence, B. Thomas & W. Powell, 1997. The use of AFLP to examine genetic relatedness in barley. Mol Breeding 3: 359–369.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, C.C. & A.R. Watkinson, 1991. Host selectivity and the mediation of competition by the root hemiparasite Rhinanthus minor L. Oecologia 86: 81–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodrich, J., R. Carpenter & E.S. Coen, 1992. A common gene regulates pigmentation pattern in diverse plant species. Cell 68: 955–964

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Innan, H., R, Terauchi & N.T. Miyashita, 1997. Microsatellite polymorphism in natural populations of the wild plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics 146: 1441–1452.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koyama, M.L., 2000. Molecular Markers for studying pathogen variability: implications for breeding for resistance to Striga hermonthica. In: B.I.G. Haussmann, D.E. Hess, M.L. Koyama, L. Grivet, H.F.W. Rattunde, H.H. Geiger (Eds.), Breeding for Striga resistance in cereals, pp. 227–245. Proceedings of a workshop held at IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria. 18- 20 August 1999. Margraf Verlag, Weikersheim, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, S.B. & N. Zummo, 1977. Physiologic specialization in Striga hermonthica in West Africa. Plant Disease Rep 61: 770–773.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, G., J. Nienhuis & C. Hussey, 1993. Genetic similarity among ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana estimated by analysis of AFLP. Theor Appl Genet 86: 1028–1032.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lane, J.A., T. Moore, D. Child & J. Bailey, 1997. Variation in virulence of Striga gesnerioides on cowpea: new sources of crop resistance. In: B.B. Singh, D. Mohan Raj, K. Dasheill & L. Jackai (Eds.), Advances in Cowpea Research, pp. 225–230. Co-publication of International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and Japan International research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS). IITA Ibadan, Nigeria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lively, C.M., 1999. Migration, virulence, and the geographic mosaic of adaptation by parasites. Am Natur 153: S34–S47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mantel, N.A., 1967. The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach. Cancer Res 27: 209–220.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marvier, M., 1996. Parasitic plant-host interactions: plant performance and indirect effects on parasite-feeding herbivores. Ecology 77: 1398–1409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matthies, D., 1997. Parasite-host interactions in Castilleja and Orthocarpus. Can J Bot 75: 1252–1260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M'boob, S.S., 1988. A regional program forWest and Central Africa control. In: T.O. Robson & H.R. Broad (Eds.), Proceedings of the FAO/OAU All-African Government Consultation on Striga, pp. 190- 194. Oct. 22- 24, 1986, Maroua, Cameroon. FAO, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • Musselman, L.J., A.D. Worsham, R.E. Eplee (Eds.), 1979. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Parasitic Weeds, North Carolia University, Releigh.

    Google Scholar 

  • Musselman, L.J., 1980. The biology of Striga, Orobanche, and other root parasitic weeds. Annu Rev Phytopathol 18: 463–489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Musselman, L.J. & C. Parker, 1981. Studies on indigo witchweed strain of Striga gesnerioides (Scrophulariaceae). Weed Sci 29: 594.

    Google Scholar 

  • Musselman, L.J. & F.N. Hepper, 1986. The wichtweeds (Striga, Scrophulariaceae) of the Sudan Republic. Kew Bull 41: 205–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Musselman, L.J., Bharathalaksmi, S.B. Safa, D.A. Knepper, K.I. Mohamed & C.L. White, 1991. Recent research on the biology of Striga asiatica, S. gesnerioides and S. hermonthica. In: S.K. Kim (Ed.), Combating Striga in Africa, pp. 31–41. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mutikainen, P., V. Salonen, S. Puutinen & T. Koskela, 2000. Local adaptation, resistance, and virulence in a hemiparasitic plant-host plant interaction. Evolution 54: 433–440.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nei, M. & W-H. Li, 1979. Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 76: 5269–5273.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olivier, A., Glaszmann, J., Lanaud, C. & Laroux G. 1998. Population structure, genetic diversity and host specificity of parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Scrophulariaceae) in the Sahel. Pl Syst Evol 209: 33–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ouedraogo, J.T., V. Maheshwari, D.K. Berner, C.A. St-Pierre, F. Belzile & M.P. Timko, 2001. Identification of AFLP markers linked to resistance to cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.)) to parasitism by Striga gesnerioides. Theor Appl Genet, in press.

  • Paran, I., D. Gidoni & R. Jacobsohn, 1997. Variation between and within broomrape (Orobanche) species by RAPD markers. Heredity 78: 68–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, C. & D. Reid, 1979. Host specificity in Striga species, some preliminary observations. In: L. Musselman, A. Worsham & R. Epplee, (Eds.), Proceedings of the second symposium on parasitic weeds, pp. 87–98. Ougadugou, ICRISAT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, C. & T. Polniaszek, 1990. Parasitism of cowpea byStriga gesneriodes: variation in virulence and discovery of a new source of host resistance. Ann Appl Biol 166: 305–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramaiah, K.V. & C. Parker, 1982. In: L.R. House, L.R., L.K. Mughogho & J.M. Peacock (Eds.), Sorghum in the Eighties, pp. 291- 302. Proceedings International Symposium on Sorghum. ICRISAT.

  • Ramaiah, A., C. Parker, M. Vasudeva Rao & L. Musselman, 1983. Striga Identification and Control handbook. Information Bulletin No. 15. Patancheru, A.P., India: ICRISAT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramaiah, K.V., 1987. Breeding cereal grains for resistance to witchweed. In: L.J. Musselman (Ed.), Parasitic weeds in Agriculture. Vol. 1. CRC Press Boca Raton, Florida, U.S.A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raymond, M. & F. Rousset, 1995. GENEPOP (version 3.1c): Population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. J Heredity 86: 248–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roderic, D.H., 1996. TREEVIEW: An application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers. Computer Applications in the Biosciences 12: 357–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roman, B., D. Rubiales, A. Torres, J. Cubero & Z. Satovic, 2001. Genetic diversity in Orobanche crenata populations from southern Spain. Theor Appl Genet 103: 1108–1114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saunders, A., 1933. Studies in phanerogamic parasitism with particular reference to Striga lutea Lour. South Africa Dept Agric Sci Bull 128: 1–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schut, J., X. Qi & P. Stam, 1997. Association between relationship measures based on AFLP markers, pedigree data and morphological traits in barley. Theor Appl Genet 95: 1161–1168.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shawe, K. & M. Ingrouille, 1993. Isozyme analysis demonstrates host selection of parasite pathotypes in the association between cowpea and Striga gesnerioides. In: Proc Brighton crop protection conf. Weeds, pp. 919–924. Brighton, BCPC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, B.B., O.L. Chamblis & B. Sharma, 1997. Recent advances in cowpea breeding. In: B.B. Singh, D. Mohan Raj, K. Dasheill & L. Jackai (Eds.), Advances in Cowpea Research, pp. 30–49. Co-publication of International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and Japan International research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS). IITA Ibadan, Nigeria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sneath, P.H.A. & R.R. Sokal, 1973. Numerical Taxonomy: The principles and practice of numerical classification. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swofford, D.L., 1999. PAUP: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony, version 4. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Gysel, A., G. Cnops, P. Breyne, M. Van Montagu, M. Cervera, 1998. Chromosome landing using AFLPTM-based strategy. In: J. Martinez-Zapater & J. Salnas (Eds.), Arabidopsis Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol 82). Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp. 305–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasudeva Rao, M.J., B. Raghavender & S.Z. Mukuru, 1986. Physiological specialization in Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntz with reference to parasitization on sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Cereal Res Comm 14: 185–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasudeva Rao, M.J. & L.J. Musselman, 1987. Host specificity in Striga species and physiological 'strains'. In: L.J. Musselman (Ed.), Biology and control of parasitic weeds. I. Striga, pp. 13–25. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogt, W., J. Sauerborn & M. Honish, 1991. Striga hermonthica distribution and infestation in Ghana and Togo on grain crops. In: J. Ranson, L. Musselman, A. Worsham & C. Packer (Eds.), Proc 5th Int Symp on Parasitic weeds, pp. 372–377. Nairobi, 1991. CIMMYT Nairobi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vos, P., R. Hogers, M. Bleeker, M. Reijans, T. van de Lee, M. Hornes, A. Frijters, J. Pot, J. Peleman, M. Kuiper & M. Zebeau, 1995. AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucleic Acids Res. 23: 4407–4414.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weber, G.K. Elemo, S.T.O. Lakoge, A. Awad & S. Oikeh, 1995. Population dynamics and determinants of Striga hermonthica on maize and sorghum in the savanna farming systems. Crop Prot 14(4): 283–290.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Werth, C., J. Riopel & N. Gillespie, 1984. Genetic uniformity in an introduced population of witchweeds (Striga asiatica) in the United States. Weed Sci 32: 645–648.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson-Johnes, K., 1955. Further experiments on witchweed control. II. The existence of physiological strains of Striga hermonthica. Empire J Exp Agric 23: 206–213.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903, U.S.A

    Christopher J. Botanga & Michael P. Timko

  2. Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903, U.S.A

    Jennifer G. Kling

  3. USDA, ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, Maryland, U.S.A

    Dana K. Berner

Authors
  1. Christopher J. Botanga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jennifer G. Kling
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Dana K. Berner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Michael P. Timko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Botanga, C.J., Kling, J.G., Berner, D.K. et al. Genetic variability of Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntz based on AFLP analysis and host-parasite interaction. Euphytica 128, 375–388 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021200213599

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021200213599

Search

Navigation