Abstract
It has been known that the Penrose-Hawking energy conditions are satisfied by conventional matter. The scalar fields employed in inflationary models can violate the strong energy condition, but not the weak energy condition. Recent observational data of the cosmic microwave background radiation seem to favor a perturbation spectrum index n > 1, which implies that the weak energy condition should be violated by the dominant matter during the inflation. In this paper the state of matter for the effective Yang-Mills fields is examined, and it is found that the quantum Yang-Mills fields in some particular states can violate the weak energy condition naturally.
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Zhang, Y. Letter: State of Matter for Effective Yang-Mills Fields and Energy Conditions. General Relativity and Gravitation 34, 2155–2161 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021195720598
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021195720598