Abstract
The oxidative coupling of toluene to bibenzyl and stilbene has been studied over lithium-modified lead oxide under anaerobic conditions. The selectivity for the coupled products can be improved by the addition of lithium metals to lead oxide. In order to understand the effect of the reaction conditions on the selectivity, kinetic studies have also been carried out.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S.S. Hupp and H.H. Swift, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 18 (1979) 117.
R.A. Innes and H.E. Swift, Chemtech, April (1981) 244.
S.T. King, J. Catal. 131 (1991) 215.
S. Dubuis, M. Lorenzi, R. Doepper and A. Renken, Dynamics Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 109 (1997) 469.
K. Otsuka, M. Hatano and T. Amaya, J. Catal. 137 (1992) 487.
H. Kim, H.M. Suh and H. Paik, Appl. Catal. A 87 (1992) 115.
H.-M. Shu, H. Kim and H. Paik, Appl. Catal. A 96 (1993) L7.
A.Z. Khan and E. Ruckenstein, J. Catal. 143 (1993) 1.
A.Z. Khan and E. Ruckenstein, Appl. Catal. A 102 (1993) 233.
H. Kim, Y. Han, H. Suh and H. Paik, Appl. Catal. A 105 (1993) L135.
T. Suzuki, K. Wada and Y. Watanabe, Appl. Catal. 53 (1989) L19.
T. Suzuki, K. Wada and Y. Watanabe, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2 (1991) 1719.
Y. Osada, K. Enomoto, T. Fukushima, S. Ogasawara, T. Shikada and T. Ikariya, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 16 (1989) 1156.
K. Asami, S. Hashimoto, T. Shikada, K. Fujimoto and H. Tominaga, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 26 (1987) 1485.
T. Ohno and J.B. Moffat, Catal. Lett. 9 (1991) 23.
T. Ito, J. Wang, C. Lin and J.H. Lunsford, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107 (1985) 5062.
E.P.J. Mallens, J.H.B. Hoebink and G.B. Marin, J. Catal. 160 (1996) 222.
W.-Y. Tung and L.L. Lobban, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 31 (1992) 1621.
V.R. Choudhary, S.A.R. Mulla, M.Y. Pandit, S.T. Chaudhari and V.H. Rane, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 75 (2000) 828.
V.R. Choudhary, S.A.R. Mulla and B.S. Uphade, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 72 (1998) 99.
J.H. Lunsford, P.G. Hinson, M.P. Rosynek, C.L. Shi, M.T. Xu and X.M. Yang, J. Catal. 147 (1994) 301.
M.C. Wu, C.M. Truong, K. Coulter and D.W. Goodman, J. Catal. 140 (1993) 344.
J.M. DeBoy and R.F. Hicks, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 27 (1988) 1577.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kai, T., Nomoto, R. & Takahashi, T. Formation of Stilbene by Oxidative Coupling of Toluene Over Lead Oxide Modified with Lithium. Catalysis Letters 84, 75–80 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021080702561
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021080702561