Skip to main content
Log in

A Switch in Time Saves Nine: Institutions, Strategic Actors, and FDR's Court-Packing Plan

  • Published:
Public Choice Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

President Roosevelt's attempt to add asmany as six additional justices to theSupreme Court through his infamous``court-packing plan'' of 1937 has long beenheralded as a misuse of presidential powerthat nearly undermined the integrity of ourconstitutional system. Using an analyticnarrative framework, we offer analternative theoretical account of theevents and argue that Roosevelt used theproposal to obtain his immediate goal: ashift in policy direction of the Court. Our framework is supported with historicalevidence, suggesting that all of the actorswere acting rationally by attempting tomaximize their payoffs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allison, G. (1971). Essence of decision: Explaining the cuban missile crisis. Boston: Little, Brown Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alsop, J. and Catledge, T. (1938). The 168 days. Garden City: Doubleday, Doran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bates, R., Greif, A., Levi, M., Rosenthal, J. and Weingast, B. (1998). Analytic narratives. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bueno de Mesquita, B. (1981). The war trap. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burns, J.M. (1956). Roosevelt: The lion and the fox. New York: Harcourt, Brace.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caldeira, G. (1987). Public opinion and the U.S. Supreme Court: FDR's court-packing plan. American Political Science Review 81: 1139-1153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carson, J. and Kleinerman, B. (2001). Political institutions and american political development: Evolution in the size of the U.S. Supreme Court. Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association.

  • Clinton, R.L. (1994). Game theory, legal history, and the origins of judicial review: A revisionist analysis of Marbury v. Madison. American Journal of Political Science 38: 285-302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cushman, B. (1998). Rethinking the new deal court: The structure of a constitutional revolution. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Danelski, D. and Tulchin, J. (1973). The autobiographical notes of Charles Evans Hughes. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixit, A. and Skeath, S. (1999). Games of strategy. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, M. (1967). Roosevelt and Frankfurter: Their correspondence, 1928-1945. Boston: Little, Brown Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, M. (1953). Essays in positive economics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gates, S. and Humes, B. (1997). Games, information, and politics: Applying game theoretic models to political science. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gely, R. and Spiller, P. (1992). The political economy of Supreme Court constitutional decisions: The case of Roosevelt's court-packing plan. International Review of Law and Economics 12: 45-67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greer, T. (1958). What Roosevelt thought: The social and political ideas of Franklin D. Roosevelt. East Lansing: Michigan State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ickes, H. (1953-54). The secret diary of Harold Ickes. New York: Simon and Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, R. (1941). The struggle for judicial supremacy. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, J. and Sala, B. (1998). The spatial theory of voting and the presidential election of 1824. American Journal of Political Science 42: 1157-1179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiewiet, D.R. and McCubbins, M. (1991). The logic of delegation: Congressional parties and the appropriations process. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krehbiel, K. (1998). Pivotal politics: A theory of U.S. lawmaking. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kyvig, D. (1989). The road not taken: FDR, the Supreme Court, and constitutional amendment. Political Science Quarterly 104: 463-481.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leuchtenburg, W. (1966). The origins of Franklin D. Roosevelt's 'court-packing' plan. In P.B. Kurland (Ed.), The Supreme Court Review, 347-400. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leuchtenburg, W. (1969). Roosevelt's Supreme Court packing plan. In H.M. Hollingsworth and W.F. Holmes (Eds.), Essays on the new deal. Austin: University of Texas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leuchtenburg, W. (1995a). The Supreme Court reborn: The constitutional revolution in the age of Roosevelt. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Carson, J.L., Kleinerman, B.A. A Switch in Time Saves Nine: Institutions, Strategic Actors, and FDR's Court-Packing Plan. Public Choice 113, 301–324 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020815625514

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020815625514

Keywords

Navigation