Abstract
Transdominant genetic selections can yield protein fragment and peptide modulators of specific biochemical pathways. In yeast, such screens have been highly successful in targeting the MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase growth-control pathway. We performed a similar type of selection aimed at recovery of modulators of the mammalian MAP kinase cascade. Two pathway activators were identified, fragments of the TrkB and Raf-1 kinases. In a second selection directed at the β-catenin growth-control pathway, three different clones encoding cadherin fragments were recovered. In neither selection were peptide inhibitors observed. We conclude that some transdominant selections in mammalian cells can readily yield high-penetrance protein fragments, but may be less amenable to isolation of peptide inhibitors.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Abedi, M. R., Caponigro, G., and Kamb, A. (1998). Green fluorescent protein as a scaffold for intracellular presentation of peptides. Nucleic Acids Res. 26(2):623-630.
Baeg, G. H., Matsumine, A., Kuroda, T., Bhattacharjee, R. N., Miyashiro, I., Toyoshima, K., and Akiyama, T. (1995). The tumour suppressor gene product APC blocks cell cycle progression from G0/G1 to S phase. EMBO J. 14(22):5618-525.
Behrens, J. (2000). Control of beta-catenin signaling in tumor development. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 910:21-33; discussion 33-35.
Blum, J. H., Dove, S. L., Hochschild, A., and Mekalanos, J. J. (2000). Isolation of peptide aptamers that inhibit intracellular processes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97(5):2241-2246.
Caponigro, G., Abedi, M. R., Hurlburt, A. P., Maxfield, A., Judd,W., and Kamb, A. (1998). Transdominant genetic analysis of a growth control pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.U.S.A. 95(13):7508-7513.
Chan, R. K., and Otte, C. A. (1982). Physiological characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants supersensitive to G1 arrest by a factor and alpha factor pheromones. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2(1):21-29.
Chen, C., and Okayama, H. (1987). High-efficiency transformation of mammalian cells by plasmidDNA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7(8):2745-2752.
Deiss, L. P., and Kimchi, A. (1991). A genetic tool used to identify thioredoxin as a mediator of a growth inhibitory signal. Science 252(5002):117-120.
Der, C. J., and Cooper, G. M. (1983). Altered gene products are associated with activation of cellular rasK genes in human lung and colon carcinomas. Cell 32(1):201-208.
Dunn, S. J., Park, S. W., Sharma, V., Raghu, G., Simone, J. M., Tavassoli, R., Young, L. M., Ortega, M. A., Pan, C. H., Alegre, G. J., Roninson, I. B., Lipkina, G., Dayn, A., and Holzmayer, T. A. (1999). Isolation of efficient antivirals: Genetic suppressor elements against HIV-1. Gene Ther 6(1):130-137.
Feldhaus, M. J., Lualhati, M., Cardon, K., Roth, B., and Kamb, A. (2000). Oligonucleotide-conjugated beads for transdominant genetic experiments. Nucleic Acids Res. 28(2):534-543.
Garkavtsev, I., Grigorian, I. A., Ossovskaya, V. S., Chernov, M. V., Chumakov, P. M., and Gudkov, A.V. (1998). The candidate tumour suppressor p33ING1 cooperates with p53 in cell growth control. Nature 391(6664):295-298.
Geyer, C. R., Colman-Lerner, A., and Brent, R. (1999). “Mutagenesis” by peptide aptamers identifies genetic network members and pathway connections. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96(15):8567-8572.
Gradl, D., Kuhl, M., and Wedlich, D. (1999). The Wnt/Wg signal transducer beta-catenin controls fibronectin expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19(8):5576-5587.
Gudkov, A. V., Kazarov, A. R., Thimmapaya, R., Axenovich, S. A., Mazo, I. A., and Roninson, I. B. (1994). Cloning mammalian genes by expression selection of genetic suppressor elements: Association of kinesin with drug resistance and cell immortalization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91(9):3744-3748.
Holzmayer, T. A., Pestov, D. G., and Roninson, I. B. (1992). Isolation of dominant negative mutants and inhibitory antisense RNA sequences by expression selection of random DNA fragments. Nucleic Acids Res. 20(4):711-717.
Huber, A. H., and Weis, W. I. (2001). The structure of the beta-catenin/E-cadherin complex and the molecular basis of diverse ligand recognition by beta-catenin. Cell 105(3):391-402.
Kamb, A., and Teng, D. H.-F. (2000). Transdominant genetics, peptide inhibitors, and drug targets. Curr. Opin. Mol. Therapeut. Genom. Proteom. 6:662-669.
Kruger, M., Beger, C., Li, Q. X., Welch, P. J., Tritz, R., Leavitt, M., Barber, J. R., and Wong-Staal, F. (2000). Identification of eIF2B gamma and eIF2gamma as cofactors of hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation using a functional genomics approach. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97(15):8566-8571.
Li, Y., Bollag, G., Clark, R., Stevens, J., Conroy, L., Fults, D., Ward, K., Friedman, E., Samowitz, W., Robertson, M., Bradley, P., McCormick, F., White, R., and Cawthan, R. (1992). Somatic mutations in the neurofibromatosis 1 gene in human tumors. Cell 69(2):275-281.
Lin, K., Wang, S., Julius, M. A., Kitajewski, J., Moos., M., Jr., Luyten, F. P. (1997). The cysteine-rich frizzled domain of Frzb-1 is required and sufficient for modulation of Wnt signaling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94(21):11196-11200.
Munemitsu, S., Albert, I., Souza, B., Rubinfeld, B., and Polakis, P. (1995). Regulation of intracellular betacatenin levels by the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor-suppressor protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92(7):3046-3050.
Murray, M. J., Cunningham, J. M., Parada, L. F., Dautry, F., Lebowitz, P., and Weinberg, R. A. (1983). The HL-60 transforming sequence: A ras oncogene coexisting with altered myc genes in hematopoietic tumors. Cell 33(3):749-757.
Norman, T. C., Smith, D. L., Sorger, P. K., Drees, B. L., O'Rourke, S. M., Hughes, T. R., Roberts, C. J., Friend, S. H., Fields, S., and Murray, A. W. (1999). Genetic selection of peptide inhibitors of biological pathways. Science 285(5427):591-595.
Playford, M. P., Bicknell, D., Bodmer, W. F., and Macaulay, V. M. (2000). Insulin-like growth factor 1 regulates the location, stability, and transcriptional activity of beta-catenin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97(22):12103-12108.
Ramer, S.W., Elledge, S. J., and Davis, R.W. (1992). Dominant genetics using a yeast genomic library under the control of a strong inducible promoter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89(23): 11589-11593.
Reznikoff, C. A., Brankow, D. W., and Heidelberger, C. (1973). Establishment and characterization of a cloned line of C3H mouse embryo cells sensitive to postconfluence inhibition of division. Cancer Res 33(12):3231-3238.
Sandrock, T. M., Risley, B., Richards, B. T., Poritz, M. A., Austin, H. A., Yoo, S., Kim, M. K.-H., Roth, B., Repetny, K., Hsu, F., Stump, M., Teng, D. H.-F., and Kamb, A. (2001). Exogenous peptide and protein expression levels using retroviral vectors in human cells. J. Mol. Ther. 4(5):398-406.
Shimoyama,Y., Gotoh, M., Terasaki, T., Kitajima, M., and Hirohashi, S. (1995). Isolation and sequence analysis of human cadherin-6 complementaryDNAfor the full coding sequence and its expression in human carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 55(10):2206-2211.
Stump, M. D., DiSera, L., Rebentisch, M., Endo, M., Pierce, M., and Kamb, A. (2002). An automated system for screening retroviral expression constructs in microplate format. J. Biomol. Screen. 7(3):275-280.
Sun, P., Dong, P., Dai, K., Hannon, G. J., and Beach, D. (1998). p53-independent role of MDM2 in TGF-betal resistance. Science 282(5397):2270-2272.
Tepass, U., Truong, K., Godt, D., Ikura, M., and Peifer, M. (2000). Cadherins in embryonic and neural morphogenesis. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1(2):91-100.
Tetsu, O., and McCormick, F. (1999). Beta-catenin regulates expression of cyclin D1 in colon carcinoma cells. Nature 398(6726):422-426.
Troppmair, J., Bruder, J. T., Munoz, H., Lloyd, P. A., Kyriakis, J., Banerjee, P., Avruch, J., and Rapp, U. R. (1994). Mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase activation by oncogenes, serum, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate requires Raf and is necessary for transformation. J. Biol. Chem. 269(9):7030-7035.
Vojtek, A. B., and Der, C. J. (1998). Increasing complexity of the Ras signaling pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 273(32):19925-19928.
Wang, D., Liebowitz, D., and Kieff, E. (1985). An EBV membrane protein expressed in immortalized lymphocytes transforms established rodent cells. Cell 43(3, part 2):831-840.
Whitehead, I., Kirk, H., and Kay, R. (1995). Retroviral transduction and oncogenic selection of a cDNA encoding Dbs, a homolog of the Dbl guanine nucleotide exchange factor. Oncogene 10(4):713-721.
Xu, G. F., O'Connell, P., Viskochil, D., Cawthon, R., Robertson, M., Culver, M., Dunn, D., Stevens, J., Gesteland, R., White, R., and Weiss, R. (1990). The neurofibromatosis type 1 gene encodes a protein related to GAP. Cell 62(3):599-608.
Xu, X., Leo, C., Jang, Y., Chan, E., Padilla, D., Huang, B. C., Lin, T., Gururaja, T., Hitoshi, Y., Lorens, J. B., Anderson, D. C., Sikic, B., Luo, Y., Payan, D. G., Nolan, G. P. (2001). Dominant effector genetics in mammalian cells. Nat. Genet. 27(1):23-29.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wheatley, W., Yoo, S., Pierce, M. et al. Genetic Selection for Modulators of the MAP Kinase and β-Catenin Growth-Control Pathways in Mammalian Cells. Biochem Genet 40, 359–378 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020705210855
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020705210855