Skip to main content
Log in

Flowering phenology and female reproductive success in Silene acutifolia Link ex Rohrb

  • Published:
Plant Ecology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We investigated flowering phenology and female reproductive success intwo populations of Silene acutifolia in northwest Spain,over one year (population A) or two consecutive years (population B). Floweringphenology was similar in the two populations and two years. However,significantinterannual and interindividual variation was detected in flowering start date,flowering finish date, flowering duration, relative flowering intensity,flowering synchrony index, and median flowering date (the date on which half aplant's flowers had opened). The between-year differences may be partlyattributable to the fact that the first year was markedly warmer than thesecondyear. The order in which individual plants started flowering was highlyconsistent between years, which may reflect genetic control and/or microhabitatheterogeneity. Multiple regressions with fruit set or seed set as the responsevariables indicated that none of the phenology descriptors, or number offlowers, were significant predictors of female reproductive success.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alatalo J.M. and Totland Ø. 1997. Response to simulated climatic change in an alpine subarctic pollen-risk strategist, Silene acaulis. Global Change Biology 3: 74–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Augspurger C.K. 1980. Mass-flowering of a tropical shrub (Hybanthus prunifolius): influence on pollinator attraction and movement. Evolution 34: 475–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Augspurger C.K. 1981. Reproductive synchrony of a tropical shrub: experimental studies on effects of pollinators and seed predators on Hybanthus prunifolius (Violaceae). Ecology 62: 775–788.

    Google Scholar 

  • Augspurger C.K. 1983. Phenology, flowering synchrony, and fruit set of six neotropical shrubs. Biotropica 15: 257–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bawa K.S. 1983. Patterns of flowering in tropical plants. In: Jones C.E. and Little R.J. (eds), Handbook of Experimental Pollination Ecology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc., New York, pp. 394–410.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolmgren K. 1998. The use of synchronization measures in studies of plant reproductive phenology. Oikos 82: 411–415.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bosch J., Retana J. and Cerdá X. 1997. Flowering phenology, floral traits and pollinator composition in a herbaceous Mediterranean plant community. Oecologia 109: 583–591.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carballeira A., Devesa C., Retuerto R., Santillán E. and Ucieda F. 1983. Bioclimatología de Galicia. Fundación Pedro Barrié de la Maza, Conde de Fenosa, La Coruña.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawley M.J. 1993. GLIM for Ecologists. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dafni A. 1992. Pollination Ecology. A Practical Approach. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Devineau J.L. 1999. Seasonal rhythms and phenological plasticity of savanna woody species in a fallow farming system (south-west Burkina Faso). Journal of Tropical Ecology 15: 497–513.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dieringer G. 1991. Variation in individual flowering time and reproductive success of Agalinis strictifolia (Scrophulariaceae). American Journal of Botany 78: 497–503.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox G.A. and Kelly C.K. 1993. Plant phenology: selection and neutrality. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 8: 34–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galen C. and Stanton M.L. 1991. Consequences of emergence phenology for reproductive success in Ranunculus adoneus (Ranunculaceae). American Journal of Botany 78: 978–988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gentry A.H. 1974. Flowering phenology and diversity in tropical Bignomiaceae. Biotropica 6: 64–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • GLIM 3.77. 1985. Royal Statistical Society, London

  • Gómez J.M. 1993. Phenotypic selection on flowering synchrony in a high mountain plant, Hormathophylla spinosa (Cruciferae). Journal of Ecology 81: 605–613.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross R.S. and Werner P.A. 1983. Relationships among flowering phenology, insect visitors, and seed-set of individuals: experimental studies on four co-occurring species of goldenrod (Solidago: Compositae). Ecological Monographs 53: 95–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guitián J. and Sánchez J.M. 1992. Flowering phenologyy and fruit set of Petrocoptis grandiflora (Caryophyllaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 153: 409–412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrera J. 1986. Flowering and fruiting phenology in the coastal shrublands of Doñana, south Spain. Vegetatio 68: 91–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inouye D.W. and McGuire A.D. 1991. Effects of snowpack on timing and abundance of flowering in Delphinium nelsonii (Ranunculaceae): implications for climate change. American Journal of Botany 78: 997–1001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson S.D. 1992. Climatic and phylogenetic determinants of flowering seasonality in the Cape flora. Journal of Ecology 81: 567–572.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly C.A. 1992. Reproductive phenologies in Lobelia inflata (Lobeliaceae) and their environmental control. American Journal of Botany 79: 1126–1133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kephart S.R. 1987. Phenological variation in flowering and fruiting of Asclepias. American Midland Naturalist 118: 64–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kochmer J.P. and Handel S.N. 1986. Constraints and competition in the evolution of flowering phenology. Ecological Monographs 56: 303–325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Konuma A. and Yahara T. 1997. Temporally changing male reproductive success and resource allocation strategy in protandrous Heracleum lanatum (Apiaceae). Journal of Plant Research 110: 227–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamont B.B., Klinkhamer P.G.L. and Witkowski E.T.F. 1993. Population fragmentation may reduce fertility to zero in Banksia goodii - a demonstration of the Allee effect. Oecologic 94: 446–450.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lande R. 1988. Genetics and demography in biological conservation. Science 241: 1455–1460.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marquis R.J. 1988. Phenological variation in the neotropical understory shrub Piper arieianum: causes and consequences. Ecology 69: 1552–1565.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medrano M. 1999. Estrategias de floración y fructificación enPancratium maritimum L. (Amaryllidaceae). PhD Dissertation, (unpublished).

  • Navarro L. 2000. Pollination ecology of Anthylis vulneraria subso. vulgaris (Fabaceae): nectar robbers as pollinators. American Journal of Botany 87: 980–985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newstrom L.E., Frankie G.W. and Baker H.G. 1994. A new classification for plant phenology based on flowering patterns in lowland tropical rain forest trees at La Selva, Costa Rica. Biotropica 26: 141–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Neil P. 1997. Natural selection on genetically correlated phenological characters in Lythrum salicaria L. (Lythraceae). Evolution 51: 267–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Neil P. 1999. Selection on flowering time: an adaptive fitness surface for nonexistent character combinations. Ecology 80: 806–820.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ollerton J. and Díaz A. 1999. Evidence for stabilising selection acting on flowering time in Arum maculatum (Araceae): the influence of phylogeny on adaptation. Oecologia 119: 340–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ollerton J. and Lack A.J. 1992. Flowering phenology: an example of relaxation of natural selection? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7: 274–276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ollerton J. and Lack A. 1998. Relationships between flowering phenology, plant size and reproductive success in Lotus corniculatus(Fabaceae). Plant Ecology 139: 35–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petanidou T., Ellis W.N., Margaris N.S. and Vokou D. 1995. Constraints on flowering phenology in a phryganic (East Mediterranean shrub) community. American Journal of Botany 82: 607–620.

    Google Scholar 

  • Primack R.B. 1980. Variation in the phenology of natural populations of montane shrubs in New Zealand. Journal of Ecology 68: 849–862.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramírez N. and Brito Y. 1987. Patrones de floración y fructificación en una comunidad pantanosa tipo morichal (Calabozo-Guarico, Venezuela). Ecologia. Acta Científica Venezolana 38: 376–381.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rathcke B. 1988. Flowering phenologies in a shrub community: competition and constraints. Journal of Ecology 76: 975–994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rathcke B. and Lacey E.P. 1985. Phenological patterns of terrestrial plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 16: 179–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith-Ramírez C., Armesto J.J. and Figueroa J. 1998. Flowering, fruiting and seed germination in Chilean rain forest Myrtaceae: ecological and phylogenetic constraints. Plant Ecology 136: 119–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • SPSS for Windows, release 8.0. 1998. SPSS, Chicago, USA

  • Talavera S. 1990. Silene L. In: Castroviejo S., Laínz M., López Gónzalez G., Monserrat P., Muñoz Garmendia F., Paiva J. et al. (eds), Flora Ibérica: plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Vol. 2. Real Jardín Botánico, C.S.I.C, Madrid, pp. 313–406.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarasjev A. 1997. Flowering phenology in natural populations of Iris pumila. Ecography 20: 48–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Totland Ø. 1997. Effects of flowering time and temperature on growth and reproduction in Leontodon autumnalis var. taraxaci, a late-flowering alpine plant. Arctic and Alpine Research 29: 285–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Widén B. 1991. Environmental and genetic influences on phenology and plant size in a perennial herb, Senecio integriflorus. Canadian Journal of Botany 69: 209–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waser N.M. 1978. Competition for hummingbird pollination and sequential flowering in two Colorado wildflowers. Ecology 59: 934–944.

    Google Scholar 

  • Widén B. and Lindell T. 1995. Flowering and fruiting phenology in two perennial herbs, Anemone pulsatilla and A. pratensis (Ranunculaceae). Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 31: 145–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams D.A. 1982. Extra-binomial variation in logistic linear models. Applied Statistics 31: 144–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman M. and Gross R.S. 1984. The relationship between flowering phenology and seed set in an herbaceous perennial plant, Polemonium foliosissimum Gray. American Midland Naturalist 111: 185–191.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Buide, M.L., Díaz-Peromingo, J.A. & Guitián, J. Flowering phenology and female reproductive success in Silene acutifolia Link ex Rohrb. Plant Ecology 163, 93–103 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020356706052

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020356706052

Navigation