Abstract
The shear properties for a number of thin fluid films under high pressure were investigated as a function of sliding velocity (shear rate) using the surface forces apparatus. It was found that the relationship between the effective viscosity ηeff and shear rate γ in the shear-thinning regime could be expressed by a simple equation, log10ηeff=C-nlog10γ, where C≈4.7±0.2 and n≈0.9±0.1. This equation can be applied to a variety of fluid systems from simple liquids to polymer melts, which transition to glasslike phases in confined geometries. Since the effect of confinement on the “slowing down” of molecular motions is equivalent to that of decreasing temperature, this universally can be explained using conventional glass-transition theories for bulk fluids. Assuming the confined fluid to be in a state where dynamics are dominated by excluded volume effects, its ηeff should correspond to that of the bulk at or near the glass-transition temperature. Thus, characteristic relaxation times in the system should correlate with the time scales of the primary relaxation processes associated with submolecular rearrangements, which are an essential feature of the glass transition and not very different for various fluid materials.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Granick, Science 253 (1991) 1374.
J.N. Israelachvili, A.M. Homola and P.M. McGuiggan, Science 240 (1988) 189.
J. Israelachvili and A.D. Berman, in: CRC Handbook of Micro/Nanotribology, 2nd ed. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1999) ch.9.
H.-W. Hu, G.A. Carson and S. Granick, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 (1991) 2758.
H. Yoshizawa and J. Israelachvili, J. Phys. Chem. 97 (1993) 11300.
M.L. Gee, P.M. McGuiggan, J.N. Israelachvili and A.M. Homola, J. Chem. Phys. 93 (1990) 1895.
G. Luengo, F.J. Schmitt, R. Hill and J. Israelachvili, Macromolecules 30 (1997) 2482.
S. Yamada, G. Nakamura and T. Amiya, Langmuir 17 (2001) 1693.
P.A. Thompson, G.S. Grest and M.O. Robbins, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 (1992) 3448.
P.A. Thompson, M.O. Robbins and G.S. Grest, Isr. J. Chem. 35 (1995) 93.
Y. Rabin and I. Hersht, Physica A 200 (1993) 708.
M.O. Robbins and A.R.C. Baljon, in: Microstructure and Microbiology of Polymer Surfaces (American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 2000) ch. 6.
M.O. Robbins and M.H. Muser, in: Modern Tribology Handbook, Volume One (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2001) ch. 20.
S. Yamada and J. Israelachvili, J. Phys. Chem. B 102 (1998) 234.
J. Peachey, J.V. Alsten and S. Granick, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 62 (1991) 463.
Polymer Handbook, 4th ed., eds. J. Brandrup, E.H. Immergut and E.A. Grulke (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1999).
J.M.H.M. Scheutjens and G.J. Fleer, Macromolecules 18 (1985) 1882.
R.G. Horn and J.N. Israelachvili, Macromolecules 21 (1988) 2836.
S. Granick and H.-W. Hu, Langmuir 10 (1994) 3857; S. Granick, H.-W. Hu and G.A. Carson, Langmuir 10 (1994) 3867; J.Peanasky, L.L. Cai, S.Granick and C.R. Kessel, Langmuir 10 (1994) 3874.
A. Jabbarzadeh, J.D. Atkinson and R.I. Tanner, J. Chem. Phys. 110 (1999) 2612.
A.L. Demirel and S. Granick, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) 2261; A.L. Demirel and S. Granick, J. Chem. Phys. 115 (2001) 1498.
S. Granick, Phys. Today 52 (1999) 26.
C. Drummond and J. Israelachvili, Macromolecules 33 (2000) 4910.
C.A. Angel, Science 267 (1995) 1924; P.G. Debenedetti and F.H. Stillinger, Nature 410 (2001) 259.
J.D. Ferry, in: Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers, 3rd ed. (Wiley, New York, 1980).
B. Jerome and J. Commandeur, Nature 386 (1997) 589.
C. Bennemann, C. Donati, J. Baschnagel and S.C. Glotzer, Nature 399 (1999) 246.
G. Luengo, J. Israelachvili and S. Granick, Wear 200 (1996) 328.
S. Yamada, manuscript in preparation.
A. Dhinojwala, S.C. Base and S. Granick, Tribol. Lett. 9 (2000) 55.
S. Yamada, G. Nakamura, Y. Hanada and T. Amiya, submitted.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yamada, S. General Shear-Thinning Dynamics of Confined Fluids. Tribology Letters 13, 167–171 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020151824274
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020151824274