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Sub-zero temperature behaviour of non-ionic microemulsions in the presence of propylene glycol by DSC

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Abstract

The five-component system is quite unique since it allows formation of reverse micelles with hydrophilic ethoxylated alcohol in the presence of ethanol and it facilitates dilution by water/propylene glycol (1,2-propanediol, PG) aqueous phase, all the way from a water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion via a bicontinuous phase to an oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion.

The surfactant/alcohol/PG can strongly bound water in the inner phase so that it freezes below −10°C and acts in part as ‘bound’ water and in part as ‘non-freezable’ water. Upon dilution to >30 mass% aqueous phase (water/PG at constant mass ratio of 1/1) the system becomes bicontinuous and the aqueous layers are composed again from bound water. Even after complete inversion to O/W microemulsions the water in the continuous phase is strongly interacting with the PG/surfactant and remains bound or non-freezable. Water/PG/ethanol have a strong effect on the head groups (freezing below -10°C) and also on the hydrophobic tails (recrystallizing and melting) at lower temperature when dilution exceeds 45 mass% water/PG (1/1).

No free water was detected neither in the W/O microemulsion's inner droplet domains nor when the microemulsion was either bicontinuous or when it was inversed to O/W. Continuous phase of resulting O/W microemulsion apparently is based on water/PG at a mass ratio of 1/1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel

    A. Yaghmur, A. Aserin, I. Tiunova & N. Garti

Authors
  1. A. Yaghmur
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  2. A. Aserin
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  3. I. Tiunova
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  4. N. Garti
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Correspondence to N. Garti.

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Yaghmur, A., Aserin, A., Tiunova, I. et al. Sub-zero temperature behaviour of non-ionic microemulsions in the presence of propylene glycol by DSC. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 69, 163–177 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019997909346

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