Abstract
Phorbol esters induce inflammation in rodents by activating protein kinase C. We determined whether nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) play role in the formation of gastric ulcer induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) in rats. Subserosally injected PMA dose-dependently induced gastric mucosal ulcer. Activation of NF-κB in the gastric mucosa corresponding to the PMA injection sites was observed before the ulcers became obvious as assessed by an in situ fluorescence DNA binding assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The NF-κB activation and subsequent ulcer formation were significantly inhibited by injection of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, proteasome inhibitor (MG132), or NF-κB decoy. Antibody against TNF-α significantly inhibited ulcer formation without attenuating NF-κB activation. These results suggest that both NF-κB activation followed by TNF-α release contribute to tissue damage in PMA-induced gastric ulcer formation.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Nishizuka Y: The role of protein kinase C in cell surface signal transduction and tumour promotion. Nature 308:693–698, 1984
Ashendel CL: The phorbol ester receptor: A phospholipid-regulated protein kinase. Biochim Biophys Acta 822:219–242, 1985
Bourin MC, Delescluse C, Fustenberger G, Marks F, Schweizer J, Klein-Szanto AJP, Prunieras M: Effect of phorbol esters on guinea pig skin in vivo. Carcinogenesis 3:671–676, 1982
Griffiths RJ, Woods BE, Li S, Blackman A: Pharmacological modification of 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate induced inflammation and epidermal cell proliferation in mouse skin. Agents Actions 25:344–351, 1988
Niedel JE, Kuhn LJ, Vandenbark GR: Phorbol diester receptor copurifies with protein kinase C. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:36–40, 1983
Nishizuka Y: The molecular heterogeneity of protein kinase C and its implication for cellular regulation. Nature 334:661–665, 1988
Fretland DJ, Widomski DL, Levin S, Gaginella TS: Colonic inflammation in the rabbit induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate. Inflammation 14:143–150, 1990
Eck SL, Perkins ND, Carr DP, Nabel GJ: Inhibition of phorbol ester-induced cellular adhesion by competitive binding of NF-KB in vivo. Mol Cell Biol 13:6530–6536, 1993
Siebenlist U, Franzoso G, Brown K: Structure, regulation and function of NF-KB. Annu Rev Cell Biol 10:405–455, 1994
Baeuerle PA, Baltimore D: NF-kB: Ten years after. Cell 87:13–20, 1996
Beg AA, Finco TS, Nantermet PV, Baldwin AS Jr: Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 lead to phosphorylation and loss of IKBα: a mechanism for NF-KB activation. Mol Cell Biol 13:3301–3310, 1993
Palombella V, Rando O, Godberg A, Taniatis T: The ubiquitin–proteasome pathway is required for processing the NF-KB1 precursor protein and the activation of NF-KB. Cell 78:773–785, 1994
Brown K, Gerstberger S, Carlson L, Franzoso G, Siebenlist U: Control of IKB-β proteolysis by site-specific, signal-induced phosphorylation. Science 267:1485–1488, 1995
Thompson JE, Phillips RJ, Erdjumant-Bromage H, Tempst P, Ghosh S: IKB-β regulated the persistent response in a biphasic activation of NF-KB. Cell 80:573–582, 1995
Munzenmaier A, Lange C, Glocker E, Covacci A, Moran A, Bereswill S, Baeuerle PA, Kist M, Pahl HL: A secreted/shed product of Helicobacter pylori activates transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B. J Immunol 159:6140–6147, 1997
Sharma SA, Tummuru MK, Blaser MJ, Kerr LD: Activation of IL-8 gene expression by Helicobacter pylori is regulated by transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B in gastric epithelial cells. J Immunol 160:2401–2407, 1998
Keates S, Hitti YS, Upton M, Kelley CP: Helicobacter pylori infection activates NF-KB in gastric epithelial cells. Gastroenterology 113:1099–1109, 1997
Kopp EB, Ghosh S: NF-KB and Rel proteins in innate immunity. Adv Immunol 58:1–27, 1995
Busam K, Gieringer C, Freudenberg M, Hohmann H-P: Staphylococcus aureus and derived exotoxins induce nuclear factor kappa B-like activity in murine bone marrow macrophages. Infect Immun 60:2008–2015, 1992
Beutler B, Grau GE: Tumor necrosis factor in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Crit Care Med 10:S423–S425, 1993
Vassalli P: The pathophysiology of tumor necrosis factors. Annu Rev Immunol 10:411–452, 1992
Tracey KJ, Cerami A: Tumor necrosis factor: A pleotropic cytokine and therapeutic target. Annu Rev Med 45:491–503, 1994
Baker SJ, Reddy EP: Transducers of life and death: TNF receptor superfamily and associated proteins. Oncogene 12:1–9, 1996
Bour ES, Ward LK, Cornman GA, Isom HC: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes in long-term culture. Am J Pathol 148:485–495, 1996
Laster SN, Wood JG, Goding LR: Tumor necrosis factor can induce both apoptotic and necrotic form of cell lysis. J Immunol 141:2629–2634, 1988
Reid TR, Torti FM, Ringold GM: Evidence for two mechanisms by which tumor necrosis factor kills cells. J Biol Chem 264:4583–4589, 1989
Woods KM, Chapes SK: Three distinct cell phenotypes of TNF-induced cytotoxicity and their relationship to apoptosis. J Leukocyte Biol 53:37–44, 1993
Gukovskaya AS, Gukovsky I, Zaninovic V, Song M, Sandoval D, Gukovsky S, Pandol SJ: Pancreatic acinar cells produce, release, and respond to tumor necrosis factor-α. Role in regulating cell death and pancreatitis. J Clin Invest 100:1853–1862, 1997
Morishita R, Sugimoto T, Aoki M, Kida I, Tomita N, Moriguchi A, Maeda K, Sawa Y, Kaneda Y, Higaki J, Ogihara T: In vivo transfection of cis element “decoy” against nuclear factor-KB binding site prevents myocardial infarction. Nature Med 3:894–899, 1997
Lazaratos S, Kashimura H, Nakahara A, Fukutomi H, Osuga T, Urushidani T, Miyauchi T, Goto K: Gastric ulcer induced by submucosal injection of ET-1: role of potent vasoconstriction and intraluminal acid. Am J Physiol 265:G491–G498, 1993
Fukumura D, Kurose I, Miura S, Serizawa H, Sekizuka E, Nagata H, Tsuchiya M, Ishii H: Role of endothelin-1 in repeated electrical stimulation-induced microcirculatory disturbance and mucosal damage in rat stomach. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 11:279–285, 1996
Gschwendt M, Fürstenberger G, Leibersperger H, Kittstein W, Lindner D, Rudolph C, Barth H, Kleinschroth J, Marmé D, Schächtele C, Marks F: Lack of an effect of novel inhibitors with high specificity for protein kinase C on the action of the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on mouse skin in vivo. Carcinogenesis 16:107–111, 1995
Stabel S, Parker PJ: Protein kinase C. Pharmacol Ther 51:71–95, 1991
Teshima S, Rokutan K, Nikawa T, Kishi K: Guinea pig mucosal cells produce abundant superoxide anion through an NADPH oxidase-like system. Gastroenterology 115:1186–1196, 1998
Puschmann AJ, Dehne K, Page S, Classen M, Schepp W: In purified rat parietal cells NF-KB is activated by proinflammatory cytokines and H2O2. Gastroenterology 114:A1173, 1998 (abstract)
Schreck R, Meier B, Männel DN, Dröge W, Baeuerle PA: Dithiocarbamates as potent inhibitors of nuclear factor KB activation in intact cells. J Exp Med 175:1181–1194, 1992
Jourd'heuil D, Morise Z, Conner EM, Kurose I, Grisham MB: Oxidant-regulation of gene expression in the chronically in-flamed intestine. Keio J Med 46:10–15, 1997
Barnes PJ, Karin M: Nuclear factor-KB: A pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory diseases. N Engl J Med 336:1066–1071, 1997
Noach LA, Bosma NB, Jansen J, Hoek FJ, van Deventer SJH, Tytgat GNJ: Mucosal tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-8 production in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. Scand J Gastroenterol 29:425–429, 1994
Fiorucci S, Antonelli E, Migliorati G, Santucci L, Morelli O, Federici B, Morelli A: TNFalpha processing enzyme inhibitors prevent aspirin-induced TNFalpha release and protect against gastric mucosal injury in rats. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 12:1139–1153, 1998
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Takeuchi, T., Miura, S., Wang, L. et al. Nuclear Factor-κB and TNF-α Mediate Gastric Ulceration Induced by Phorbol Myristate Acetate. Dig Dis Sci 47, 2070–2078 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019633114854
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019633114854