Abstract
Advantages and limitations of laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) as an in situ vibrational spectroscopy for the study of catalytic materials and surfaces under working conditions are discussed. Measurements can be carried out at temperatures as high as 1200 K in controlled atmospheres. Modern instrumentation permits time resolutions in the sub‐second regime for materials with high Raman cross sections. Transient studies are thus possible. Several examples are presented of in situ LRS studies including the phase analysis of bismuth molybdate and VPO oxidation catalysts, synergy effects and oxygen exchange in Sb2O3/MoO3 oxide mixtures, intermediates in oxidative coupling of methane, NO decomposition on Ba/MgO catalysts, and transient SERS studies of partial oxidation of methanol on Ag single crystal surfaces and of the reduction of oxide overlayers on electrodeposited Rh layers.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J.R. Bartlett and R.P. Cooney, in: Spectroscopy of Inorganic-Based Materials, Advan.Spectrosc., Vol. 14, eds. R.J.H. Clark and R.E. Hester (Wiley, Chichester, 1987) p. 187.
M. Mehicic and J.G. Grasselli, in: Analytical Raman Spectroscopy, eds. J.G. Grasselli and B.J. Bulkin (Wiley, Chichester, 1991) p. 325.
L. Dixit, D.L. Gerrard and H.J. Bowley, Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 22 (1986) 189.
I.E. Wachs and F.D. Hardcastle, Catalysis, Vol. 10 (The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1993) p. 102.
H. Kn¨ozinger, Catal. Today 32 (1996) 71.
G. Mestl and H. Kn¨ozinger, in: Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Vol. 2, eds. G. Ertl, H. Kn¨ozinger and J. Weitkamp (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1997) p. 539.
A. Otto, in: Light Scattering in Solids, Vol. IV, eds. M. Cardona and G. G¨untherodt (Springer, Berlin, 1984) p. 289.
A. Campion, Comm. Solid State Phys. 40 (1986) 33.
A. Deffontaine, M. Bridoux, M. Delhaye, E. Da Silva and W. Hug, Rev. Phys. Appl. 19 (1984) 415.
F.R. Brown, L.E. Makowsky and K.H. Rhee, Appl. Spectrosc. 31 (1977) 563.
C.S. Cheng, J.D. Ludowise and G.L. Schrader, Appl. Spectrosc. 34 (1980) 146.
S. Chan and A.T. Bell, J. Catal. 89 (1984) 433.
J.H. Lunsford, X. Yang, K. Haller, J. Laane, G. Mestl and H. Kn¨ozinger, J. Phys. Chem. 97 (1993) 13810.
F. Ben Abdelouahab, R. Olier, N. Guilhaume, F. Lefebvre and J.C. Volta, J. Catal. 134 (1992) 151.
H. Zeilinger, G. Mestl and H. Kn¨ozinger, unpublished.
G. Mestl, M.P. Rosynek and J.H. Lunsford, J. Phys. Chem. 101 (1997) 9321.
J.J. Freeman, J. Heaviside, P.J. Hendra, J. Prior and E.S. Reid, Appl. Spectrosc. 35 (1981) 196.
N. Zimmerer and W. Kiefer, Appl. Spectrosc. 28 (1974) 279.
T.P. Snyder and G.C. Hill Jr., J. Catal. 132 (1991) 536.
C. Li and P.C. Stair, Catal. Lett. 36 (1995) 119.
C. Li and P.C. Stair, in: Proceedings 11th Intern.Congr.Catal., Baltimore, 1996, eds. J.W. Hightower, W.N. Delgass, E. Iglesia and A.T. Bell (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1996) p. 881.
H. Jeziorowski and H. Kn¨ozinger, Chem. Phys. Lett. 51 (1977) 519.
H. Jeziorowski and H. Kn¨ozinger, J. Phys. Chem. 83 (1979) 1166.
H. Jeziorowski and H. Kn¨ozinger, Chem. Phys. Lett. 42 (1976) 162.
M. Cardona, Modulation Spectroscopy, in: Solid State Physics, Suppl. 2, eds. F. Seitz, D. Turnbull and E. Ehrenreich (Academic Press, New York, 1969).
F.L. Galeneer, Chem. Phys. Lett. 48 (1977) 7.
S. Br¨uckner, H. Jeziorowski and H. Kn¨ozinger, Chem. Phys. Lett. 105 (1984) 218.
B.C. Chase, Anal. Chem. 59 (1987) 881A.
P. Knoll, R. Singer and W. Kiefer, Appl. Spectrosc. 44 (1990) 776.
V. Deckert and W. Kiefer, Appl. Spectrosc. 46 (1992) 322.
D. Spielbauer, Appl. Spectrosc. 49 (1995) 650.
M. Delhaye and P. Dhamelincourt, J. Raman Spectrosc. 3 (1975) 33.
A.J. Sommer and J.E. Katon, Appl. Spectrosc. 45 (1991) 527.
J. Leyrer, D. Mey and H. Kn¨ozinger, J. Catal. 124 (1990) 349.
P.J. Treado, A. Govil, M.D. Morris, K.-D. Sternitzke and R.L. McCreery, Appl. Spectrosc. 44 (1990) 1270.
M. Bowden, D.J. Gardiner, G. Rice and D.L. Gerrard, J. Raman Spectrosc. 21 (1990) 37.
T.Wilson and C. Sheppard, Theory and Practice of Scanning Optical Microscopy (Academic Press, New York, 1984).
E. Payen, M.C. Dhamelincourt, P. Dhamelincourt, J. Grimblot and J.P. Bonnelle, Appl. Spectrosc. 36 (1982) 30.
R.G. Grasselli and J.D. Burrington, Adv. Catal. 30 (1981) 133.
T.D. Snyder and G.C. Hill Jr., Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng. 31 (1989) 45.
L.C. Glaeser, J.F. Brazdil, M.A. Hazle, M. Mehicic and R.K. Grasselli, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. I 81 (1985) 2903.
M.E. Lashier and G.L. Schrader, J. Catal. 128 (1991) 113.
G.C. Hutchings, A. Desmartin-Chomel, R. Olier and J.C. Volta, Nature 368 (1994) 41.
F. Ben Abdelouahab, R. Olier, M. Ziyad and J.C. Volta, J. Catal. 157 (1995) 687.
J.C. Volta, Catal. Today 32 (1996) 29.
I.E. Wachs, J.-M. Jehng, G. Deo, B.M. Weckhuysen, V.V. Guliants and J.B. Benziger, Catal. Today 32 (1996) 47.
U.S. Ozkan, M.R. Smith and S.A. Driscoll, J. Catal. 134 (1992) 24.
P. Ruiz and B. Delmon, Catal. Today 3 (1988) 199.
G. Mestl, P. Ruiz, B. Delmon and H. Kn¨ozinger, J. Phys. Chem. 98 (1994) 11276.
G. Mestl, P. Ruiz, B. Delmon and H. Kn¨ozinger, J. Phys. Chem. 98 (1994) 11269.
G. Mestl, P. Ruiz, B. Delmon and H. Kn¨ozinger, J. Phys. Chem. 98 (1994) 11283.
J.H. Lunsford, in: Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Vol. 4, eds. G. Ertl, H. Kn¨ozinger and J. Weitkamp (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1997) p. 1843.
D. Dissanayake, J.H. Lunsford and M.P. Rosynek, J. Catal. 145 (1993) 286.
G. Mestl, H. Kn¨ozinger and J.H. Lunsford, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 97 (1993) 319.
P.C.T. Au, Y.W. Liu and C.F. Ng, J. Catal. 176 (1998) 365.
S. Xie, M.P. Rosynek and J.H. Lunsford, Catal. Lett. 43 (1997) 1.
S. Xie, G. Mestl, M.P. Rosynek and J.H. Lunsford, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119 (1997) 10186.
G. Mestl, M.P. Rosynek and J.H. Lunsford, J. Phys. Chem. B 101 (1997) 9329.
G. Mestl, M.P. Rosynek and J.H. Lunsford, J. Phys. Chem. B 102 (1998) 154.
X. Bao, M. Muhler, B. Pettinger, R. Schl¨ogl and G. Ertl, Catal. Lett. 22 (1993) 215.
X. Bao, M. Muhler, B. Pettinger, Y. Uchida, G. Lehmpfuhl, R. Schl¨ogl and G. Ertl, Catal. Lett. 32 (1995) 171.
B. Pettinger, X. Bao, I.C. Wilcock, M. Muhler and G. Ertl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 (1994) 1561.
P. Gao, D. Gosztola, L.-W. Leung and M.J. Weaver, J. Electroanal. Chem. 233 (1987) 211.
L.-W. Leung and M.J. Weaver, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109 (1987) 5113.
H.Y.H. Chan, C.T. Williams, M.J. Weaver and C.G. Takoudis, J. Catal. 174 (1998) 191.
C.T. Williams, E.K.-Y. Chen, C.G. Takoudis and M.J. Weaver, J. Phys. Chem. B 102 (1998) 4785.
P.S. Cremer, B.J. McIntyre, M. Salmeron, Y.-R. Shen and G.A. Somorjai, Catal. Lett. 34 (1995) 11.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Knözinger, H., Mestl, G. Laser Raman spectroscopy – a powerful tool for in situ studies of catalytic materials. Topics in Catalysis 8, 45–55 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019184321666
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019184321666