Abstract
Long-term, cyclic-oxidation testing in still airfor about 2 years (720 days) at 982°C and 1 year(360 days) at 1093, 1149, and 1204°C has beenconducted on the commercial, high-temperaturechromia-forming HR-120®, HR160®, and 230® alloys(all trademarks of Haynes International, Inc.). Eachthermal cycle consisted of 30 days at temperaturefollowed by about 4 hr at ambient. The resultsdemonstrated the significant effects of alloy composition on long-term,cyclic-oxidation resistance. Each of the alloysexhibited scale spallation; however, the manner by whichspallation occurred varied between the alloys. The 230 alloy, which contains 0.02 wt.% La, exhibitedpartial scale spallation, thus allowing for the easierformation of a protective or semiprotectiveCr2O3-rich scale during subsequentoxidation. The HR-160 alloy exhibited complete spallation owinglargely to its relatively high silicon content (2.75wt.%). However, the silicon was also beneficial inpromoting protective or semiprotective scale formationwhen the exposed alloy was subsequently oxidized.The HR-120 alloy showed the poorest cyclic-oxidationresistance, due in part to poor scale adhesion and thetendency of the iron in this alloy (33 wt.%) toeventually oxidize and result in the formation of aless-protective scale. All of the alloys underwentinternal attack in the form of internal oxidation andvoid formation. In most cases, the extent of internalattack was significantly greater than that of metalloss.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
C. Wagner, J. Electrochem. Soc. 99, 369 (1952).
B. D. Bastow, D. P. Whittle, and G. C. Wood, Oxid. Met. 12, 413 (1978).
J. Nesbitt, J. Electrochem. Soc. 136, 1511 (1989).
G. C. Wood and F. H. Stott, Mater. Sci. Technol. 3, 519 (1987).
G. C. Wood and D. P. Whittle, Corros. Sci. 7, 763 (1967).
M. Schütze, Oxid. Met. 44, 29 (1995).
D. P. Whittle, Oxid. Met. 4, 171 (1972).
G. Wahl, Thin Solid Films 107, 417 (1983).
J. A. Nesbitt, J. Electrochem. Soc. 136, 1518 (1989).
C. E. Lowell, J. L. Smialek, and C. A. Barrett, in High Temperature Corrosion, R. A. Rapp, ed. (National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Houston, TX, 1983), p. 219.
C. E. Lowell, C. A. Barrett, R. W. Palmer, J. V. Auping, and H. B. Probst, Oxid. Met. 36, 81 (1991).
M. A. Harper, J. E. Barnes, and G. Y. Lai, Corrosion/ 97 (National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Houston, TX, 1997), Paper 97132.
D. L. Douglass and J. S. Armijo, Oxid. Met. 3, 185 (1971).
C. L. Angerman, Oxid. Met. 5, 149 (1972).
C. A. Barrett, A Statistical Analysis of Elevated Temperature Gravimetric Cyclic Oxidation Data of 36 Ni-and Co-base Superalloys Based on an Oxidation Attack Parameter (NASA, NASA Lewis Research Center, December 1992), TM-105934.
R. C. Lobb, J. A. Sasse, and H. E. Evans, Mater. Sci. Technol. 5, 828 (1989).
D. P. Whittle and J. Stringer, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. 295A, 309 (1980).
S. Mrowec, J. Jedlinski, and A. Gil, Mater. Sci. Eng. A120, 169 (1989).
K. S. Chan, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 28A, 411 (1997).
H. E. Evans, Int. Mater. Rev. 40, 1 (1995).
C.-O. Moon and S.-B. Lee, Oxid. Met. 39, 1 (1993).
C. A. Barrett and C. E. Lowell, Oxid. Met. 9, 307 (1975).
S. K. Rhee and A. R. Spencer, Metall. Trans. 1, 2021 (1970).
S. F. Frederick and I. Cornet, J. Electrochem. Soc. 102, 285 (1955).
C. H. Lund and H. J. Wagner, Oxidation of Nickel-and Cobalt-Base Superalloys, Defence Metals Information Center (DMIC) Report 214, Batelle Memorial Institute (1965).
C. S. Tedmon, J. Electrochem. Soc. 113, 766 (1966).
B. Lustman, Trans. AIME 188, 995 (1950).
A. Preece and G. Lucas, J. Inst. Met. 81, 219 (1952-53).
J. Robertson and M. I. Manning, Mater. Sci. Technol. 5, 741 (1989).
F. H. Stott and F. I. Wei, Oxid. Met. 31, 369 (1989).
A. Davin, D. Coutsouradis, and L. Habraken, Cobalt 35, 69 (1967).
R. C. John, Corrosion / 96 (National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Houston, TX, 1996), Paper 171.
A. H. Rosenstein, J. K. Tien, and W. D. Nix, Metall. Trans. A 17A, 151 (1986).
R. H. Bricknell and D. A. Woodford, Acta Metall. 30, 257 (1982).
D. Gan, Metall. Trans. A 14A, 1518 (1983).
A. Smigelskas and E. Kirkendall, Trans. AIME 171, 130 (1947).
R. H. Bricknell, R. A. Mulford, and D. A. Woodford, Met. Trans. A 13A, 1223 (1982).
C. Wagner, Z. Elektrochem. 63, 772 (1959).
R. A. Rapp, Corrosion 21, 382 (1965).
J. A. Nesbitt and R. W. Heckel, Met. Trans. A 18A, 2075 (1987).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gleeson, B., Harper, M.A. The Long-Term, Cyclic-Oxidation Behavior of Selected Chromia-Forming Alloys. Oxidation of Metals 49, 373–399 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018874206733
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018874206733