Abstract
Purpose. To study the release and absorption of peptidoleukotrienes (PLTs) from the airways of the guinea pig lung following calcium ionophore A23187 (CI), benzalkonium chloride (BAC), ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) or ovalbumin (OA) challenge.
Methods. PLT C4/D4/E4 were quantified in the perfusate of the isolated perfused guinea pig lung (IPGPL) following intratracheal administration of CI, BAC, EDTA or OA in different doses. The formation and airway-to-perfusate transfer kinetics of PLTs were analyzed by fitting mean data for cumulative PLT in perfusate vs. time to an A → B → C first-order release and transfer model, with dose-dependent transfer rate constants.
Results. CI induced apparent first order release of PLTs with a t\(\frac{1}{2}\) ≃ 1.2 minutes. The amount of PLT released was CI dose-dependent, as was the airway-to-perfusate transfer rate constant. These reached maxima of 0.254 μg and 0.0557 min.−1, respectively, around a CI dose of 100 μg. In OA-sensitized IPGPL preparations, OA induced a similar dose-dependent release of PLTs, although the rates of PLT release were much greater and more variable than those seen with CI. In OA sensitized IPGPL preparations, at an OA dose of 1000 μg, the maximum amount of PLT released was 0.289 μg and the maximal airway-to-perfusate transfer rate constant was 0.0229 min−1. BAC and EDTA failed to induce quantifiable PLT release from the airways.
Conclusions. Rapid release of the inflammatory mediators, PLT C4/ D4/E4, could be induced in the unsensitized IPGPL by CI, and in the sensitized IPGPL by OA. Transfer into perfusate occurred in both cases with dose-dependent t\(\frac{1}{2}\) ranging from 12.4 through 57.8 minutes.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
F. C. Thein and E. H. Walters. Eicosanoids and Asthma: An Update. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 52:271–288 (1995).
A. E. Crea, J. A. Nakhosteen, and T. H. Lee. Mediator Concentrations in the Bronchoalveolar Lavages Fluid of Patients with Mild Asymptomatic Bronchial Asthma. Eur. Respir. J. 5:190–195 (1992).
S. Lam, H. Chan, J. C. LeRiche, M. Chan-Yeung, and H. Salari. Release of Leukotrienes in Patients with Bronchial Asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 81:711–717 (1988).
A. J. Wardlaw, H. Hay, O. Cromwell, J. V. Collins, and A. B. Kay. Leukotrienes, LTC4 and LTB4, in Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Bronchial Asthma and Other Respiratory Diseases. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 84:19–26 (1989).
S. E. Wenzel, G. L. Larsen, K. Johnston, N. F. Voelkel, and J. Y. Westcott. Elevated Levels of Leukotriene C4 in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid from Atopic Asthmatics After Endobronchial Challenges. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 142:112–119 (1990).
J. Y. Westcott, H. R. Smith, S. E. Wenzel, G. L. Larson, R. B. Thomas, D. Felsien, and N. F. Voelkel. Urinary Leukotriene E4 in Patients with Asthma., Am Rev. Respir. Dis. 143:1322–1328 (1991).
Y. Kikawa, T. Miyanomae, Y. Inoue, M. Saito, A. Nakai, Y. Shigematsu, S. Hosoi, and M. Sudo. Uninary Leukotriene E4 after exercise challenge in children with asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 89:1111–1119 (1992).
J. Verhagen, E. H. Bel, G. M. Kijne, P. J. Sterk, P. L. B. Bruynzeel, G. A. Veldnik, and J. F. G. Vliegenthart. The Excretion of Leukotriene E4 into Urine Following Inhalation of Leukotriene D4 by Human Individuals. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 148:864–868 (1987).
J. Y. Westcott, N. F. Voelkel, K. Jones, and S. E. Wenzel. Inactivation of Leukotriene C4 in the Airways and Subsequent Urinary Leukotriene E4 Excretion in Normal and Asthmatic Subjects. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 148:1244–1251 (1993).
P. R. Byron and E. M. Phillips. 1990. Ed. Peter R. Byron. Respiratory Drug Delivery, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, 1990. Pp. 107–142.
J. S. Ilowite, W. D. Bennett, M. S. Sheetz, M. A. Groth, and D. M. Nierman. Permeability of the Bronchial Mucosa to 99mTc-DTPA in Asthma. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 139:1139–1143 (1989).
P. R. Byron, N. S. Roberts, and A. R. Clark. An isolated Perfused Rat Lung Preparation for the Study of Aerosolized Drug Deposition and Absorption. J. Pharm. Sci. 75:168–171 (1986).
P. R. Byron, F. Rypacek, Z. Sun, and H. Katayama. Polypeptide Absorption in the Rat Lung: Dose and Charge Dependence. J. Biopharm. Sci. 3:227–232 (1992).
P. R. Byron, Z. Sun, H. Katayama, and F. Rypacek. Solute Absorption from the Airways of the Isolated Rat Lung. IV. Mechanisms of Absorption of Fluorophore-Labeled Poly-αβ-[N(2hydroxyethyl)-D, L-aspartamide]. Pharm. Res. 11:221–225 (1994).
R. W. Niven and P. R. Byron. Solute Absorption from the Airways of the Isolated Rat Lung. II. Effect of Surfactants on Absorption of Fluorescein. Pharm. Res. 7:8–13 (1990).
D. C. Underwood, R. R. Osborn, and J. M. Hand. Lack of Late Phase Airway Responses in Conscious Guinea Pigs After a Variety of Antigen Challenges. Agents Actions 37:191–194 (1992).
R. Beasley, D. Fishwick, J. F. Miles, and L. Hendeles. Preservatives in Nebulizer Solutions: Risk without Benefit. Pharmacotherapy 18:130–139 (1988).
R. W. Niven and P. R. Byron. A Novel Dosing Method for Drug Administration to the Airways of the Isolated Perfused Rat Lung. J. Pharm. Sci. 77:693–695 (1988).
P. R. Byron and R. E. Notari. Critical Analysis of “Flip-Flop” Phenomenon in Two-Compartmental Pharmacokinetic Models. J. Pharm. Sci. 65:1140–1144 (1976).
M. Gibaldi and D. Perrier. Pharmacokinetics. Second Ed. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1982.
S. K. Juhn, L. Orning, S. Hammarstrom, P. Hedqvist, and J. Wersall. Distribution and Metabolism of Leukotriene C4 after Cisternal Injection in Guinea Pigs. Prostagland. Leuk. Esstl. Fatty Acids 36:135–141 (1989).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kovelesky, R.A., Byron, P.R. & Venitz, J. Peptidoleukotriene (PLT) Release and Absorption from the Airways of the Isolated Perfused Guinea Pig Lung Following Chemical and Antigenic Challenge. Pharm Res 16, 321–326 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018801113797
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018801113797