Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hardening and smoothing effects of lignin sulfonates on the electrodeposition of lead

  • Published:
Journal of Applied Electrochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The codeposition of lignin derivatives from an acidic lead electrolyte was investigated with respect to the nature of the derivative, the additive concentration in the electrolyte and the current density. The lignosulfonates of sodium and calcium were incorporated in the deposits up to a volume fraction of 1.1–1.2% whereas the codeposition of alkali lignin was much lower. The lignosulfonates were dispersed in the deposit as small inclusions which were distributed very evenly. A significant hardening of the deposited lead, based on both grain refinement and dispersion strengthening by the included organic particles, occurred.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A. K. Graham and H. L. Pinkerton, Proc. Am. Electroplate. Soc. 50 (1963) 139.

    Google Scholar 

  2. H. J. Wiesner, W. P. Frey, R. R. Vandervoort and E. L. Raymond, Plating 57 (1970) 358.

    Google Scholar 

  3. L. Muresan, L. Oniciu and R. Wiart, J. Appl. Electrochem. 24(4) (1994) 332.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Japanese patent application, publication Shoo 48-80437, 27 Oct. 1973.

  5. F. K. Sauter, J. Electrochem. Soc. 110 (1963) 557.

    Google Scholar 

  6. R. R. Oberle, M. R. Scanion, R. C. Cammarata and P. C. Searson, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(1) (1995) 19.

    Google Scholar 

  7. V. P. Greco and W. Baldauf, Plating 55 (1968) 250.

    Google Scholar 

  8. G. C. Pini and J. Weber, Oberfläche 19(3) (1978) 54.

    Google Scholar 

  9. J. P. Celis, J. R. Roos, C. Buelens and J. Fransaer, Trans. Inst. Metal Finish. 69(4) (1991) 133.

    Google Scholar 

  10. C. Buelens, J. Fransaer, J. P. Celis and J. R. Roos, Galvanotechnik 86(3) (1995) 746.

    Google Scholar 

  11. C. Engelmann, G. Kraft, J. Pauwels and C. Vandesteele, in `Modern methods for the determination of non-metals in non-ferrous metals', Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and New York (1985) pp. 120ff.

    Google Scholar 

  12. C. A. Hope, G. M. Brown, D. P. Schweinsberg, K. Shimizu and K. Kobayashi J. Appl. Electrochem. 25(9) (1995) 890.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut fu¨r Festko¨rper- und Werkstofforschung Dresden, PO. Box 270016, 01171, Dresden, Germany

    K. JOBST , A. GRAHL , W. GRUNER  & H. WARLIMONT

Authors
  1. K. JOBST
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. GRAHL
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. W. GRUNER
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. H. WARLIMONT
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

JOBST , K., GRAHL , A., GRUNER , W. et al. Hardening and smoothing effects of lignin sulfonates on the electrodeposition of lead. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 27, 455–461 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018421922805

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018421922805

Keywords

Search

Navigation