Abstract
A diallel cross design, involving six diploid O-type lines and their cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) equivalents was used to examine the genetic control of characters determining seed viability and vigor of seed and seedling in sugar beet. Six characters including percentage of germination, seedling establishment, weight of 1000 germs, seedling vigor, speed of germination, and monogermity were analyzed. Additive genetic effects were shown to be highly important for all characters and significant dominance effects were found for the percentage of germination and seedling establishment, weight of 1000 germs, and rate of monogerm seeds produced by multigerm plants. There were significant reciprocal variations for most characters, indicating that maternal effects and differences of self-incompatibility mechanisms may influence the expression of some characteristics related to the amount of viable seeds produced in plant. Variance of genotypes for seedling vigor and speed of germination was nonsignificant, indicating that both characters are mainly affected by environmental factors. The relative importance of heritability estimates and the ratio of GCA, SCA, and environmental variances to phenotypic variances were calculated for all the traits examined. It is suggested that seed traits are as important as root quality traits for the development of sugar beet varieties.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amano, Y. & T. Tsuchiya, 1993. Expression of seed dormancy in relation to stage of grain development and germination temperature. In: M.K. Walker-Simmons & J.L. Ried (Eds), Pre-harvest sprouting in cereals 1992, pp. 329-338. American Association of Cereal of Chemists.
Arnold, M.H., P.C. Longden, S.J. Brown, G.J. Curtis, R. Fletcher, & K.W. Lynch, 1984. Environmental, seed quality, and yield in sugar beet. J natn Inst agric Bot 16: 543-553.
Bosemark, N.O. 1995. Genetics and breeding. In: D.A. Cooke & R.L. Scott (Eds), The sugar beet crop, science into practice, pp. 67-119. Chapman & Hall, London, Glasgow, New York, Melbourne, Madras.
Bornscheuer E., K. Meyerholz, & K.H. Wunderlich, 1995. Seed production and quality, In: D.A. Cooke, & R.L. Scott, (Eds), The sugar beet crop, science into practice, pp. 121–177 Chapman & Hall, London, Glasgow, New York, Melbourne, Madras.
Campbell, L.G.& J.W. Enz, 1991. Temperature effects on sugar beet seedling emergence. Journal of Sugar Beet Research 28(3,4): 129-140.
Copeland, L.O. 1976 Seed and seedling vigor. Chapter 7, In: Principal of seed science and technology. pp 149-1184, Burgess publishing company, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Douglas, C.D., L.J. Smith, & E.R. Duke, 1994. Gene expression during maize kernel development. Seed Science Research 4, 299-305.
Ecker, R., A. Brazilay, & E. Osherenko, 1994. The genetic relations between length of time to germination and seed dormancy in Lisianthus(Eustoma grandiflorum). Euphytica 80(1,2): 125-128.
Elamrani, A., P. Raymnd, & P. Saglo, 1992. Nature and utilization of seed reserves during germination and heterophic growth of young sugar beet seedlings. Seed Science Research 2: 1-8.
Fenner, M. 1991. The effects of the parent environment on seed germinability. Seed Science Research 1: 75-84.
Griffing, B. 1956. Concept of general and specific combining ability in relation to diallel crossing systems. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 9: 463-493.
Hartmann, H.T., D.E. Kester, & T.F. Davies, 1990. Principal of propagation by seed. In: Plant propagation, principals and practices. Chapter 6, pp. 104-136, Prentice-Hall International, Inc.
Igartua, E., M.P. Cracia, & J.M. Lasa, 1994. Characterization and genetic control of germination-emergence responses of grain sorghum to salinity. Euphytica 76(3): 185-193.
International Seed Testing Association 1985. International rules for seed testing. Rules 1985. Seed Science and Technology, 13: 299- 355.
MacLachlan, J.B. 1972. Effect of seed size on yield of monogerm sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Ir J agric Res 11: 233-236.
Milotay, P. 1993. Diallel analysis of cucumber germination at optimum and suboptimal temperatures. Report-cucurbit, Genetics Cooperative 16: 22-26.
Savitsky, V.F. 1952. A genetic study of monogerm and multigerm characters in beets. Proceedings of the American society of Sugar Beet Technologists 7: 331-338.
Smith, I., J. Mackay, & M.A. Cornish, 1990. A diallel analysis of germination in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Seed sci & Technol. 18: 43-50.
Synder, L.G. & J.W. Enz, 1991. Temperature effects on sugar beet seedlings emergence. Journal of Sugar Beet Research 28(3,4): 129-140.
Thseng, F.S. & F.F. Hou, 1993. Varietal differences and diallel analysis of pre-germination flooding tolerance of sorghum seed. Japanese Journal of Plant Breeding 43(1): 23-28.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sadeghian, S., Khodaii, H. Diallel cross analysis of seed germination traits in sugar beet. Euphytica 103, 259–263 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018365609713
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018365609713