Abstract
In ice-structure interaction, a zone of highly damaged ice is created near the structure surface. The crushed material of this zone has large ductility and is subjected to complex load and deformation histories. In this paper, various aspects of constitutive modelling of this material are discussed. The changes in microstructures such as cracks and grain boundaries are modelled by a damage function, while change in the porosity is modelled by a solution for creeping solids. Various components of deformation, i.e., the elastic, the delayed elastic, and the viscous creep are separately identified, and their changes with the damage and porosity are discussed. Comparison of theory and experiments are given for constant strain rate and constant stress test on crushed ice under triaxial conditions. Pressure sintering and compaction of crushed ice due to shear stresses are also studied.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Budiansky, B., Hutchinson, J.W. and Slutsky, S.(1982). Void growth and collapse in viscous solids. In: Mechanics of Solids, The Rodeny Hill 60th anniversary volume, Pergamon Press, 13–45.
Cocks, A.C.F. (1989). Inelastic deformation of porous materials. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 37, 693–715.
Duva, J.M. and Hutchinson, J.W. (1984). Constitutive potentials for dilutely voided nonlinear materials. Mechanics of Materials 3, 41–54.
Frederking, R.M.W., Jordaan, I.J. and McCallum, J.S. (1990). Field tests of ice indentation at medium scale, Hobson's choice ice island. Proceedings, 10th IAHR Symposium on Ice, Espoo, Finland, Vol. 2, 931–944.
Horii, H. and Nemat-Nasser, S. (1986). Brittle failure in compression: splitting, faulting and brittle-ductile transition. Philosophical Transactions, Royal Society of London A 319, 337–374.
Jefferies, M.G. and Wright, W.H. (1988). Dynamic response of Molikpaq to ice structure interaction. Proceedings International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 4, 201–220.
Jordaan, I.J. and McKenna, R.F. (1991). Process of deformation and fracture of ice in compression. In: Ice-Structure Interaction, Springer-Verlag, 283–309.
Jordaan, I.J. and Xiao, J. (1992). Interplay between damage and fracture in ice-structure interaction. Proceedings, 11th International IAHR Symposium on Ice 3, 1448–1467.
Jordaan, I.J., Stone, B.M., McKenna, R.F. and Fuglem, M.K. (1992). Effect of microcracking on the deformation of ice. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, 143–150.
Jordaan, I.J. and Singh, S.K. (1994). Compressive ice failure: Critical zones of high pressure. Proceedings, 12th International IAHR Symposium on Ice 1, 505–514.
Kachanov, M.L. (1982). A microcrack model of rock inelasticity. Part II: Propagation of microcracks. Mechanics of Materials 1, 29–41.
Kachanov, M., Tsukrov, I. and Shafiro, B. (1994). Effective moduli of solids with cavities of various shapes. Applied Mechanics Review 47, Part 2, S151-S174.
Maeno, N. and Ebinuma, T. (1983). Pressure sintering of ice and its implication to the densification snow at polar glaciers and ice sheets. Journal of Physics and Chemistry 87, 4103–4110.
Perla, R. (1982). Preparation of section planes in snow specimens. Journal of Glaciology 28, 199–204.
Savage, S.B., Sayed, M. and Frederking, R.M.W. (1992). Two-dimensional extrusion of crushed ice. Part 2: Analysis. Cold Regions Science and Technology 21, 37–47.
Schapery, R.A. (1969). On the characterization of nonlinear viscoelastic materials. Polymer Engineering and Science 9, 295–310.
Schapery, R.A. (1981). On viscoelastic deformation and failure behaviour of composite materials with distributed flaws. In: Advances in Aerospace Structures and Materials, ASME, AD-01, 5–20.
Schapery, R.A. (1984). Correspondence principle and a generalized J integral for large deformation and fracture analysis of viscoelastic media. International Journal of Fracture 25, 195–223.
Schapery, R.A. (1991). Models for the deformation behaviour of viscoelastic media with distributed damage and their applicability to ice. In: Ice-Structure Interaction, Springer-Verlag, 191–249.
Singh, S.K., Jordaan, I.J., Xiao, J. and Spencer, P.A. (1995). The flow properties of crushed ice. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 4, 276–282.
Singh, S.K. and Jordaan, I.J. (1996). Triaxial tests on crushed ice. Cold Regions Science and Technology 24, 153–165.
Sinha, N.K. (1978). Short-term rheology of polycrystalline ice. Journal of Glaciology 21, 457–473.
Stone, B.M., Jordaan, I.J., Xiao, J. and Jones, S.J. (1997). Experiments on the damage process in ice under compressive states of stress. Journal of Glaciology 43, 11–25.
Wilkinson, D.S. and Ashby, M.F. (1975). Pressure sintering by power-law creep. Acta Metallurgica 23, 1277–1285.
Xiao, J. and Jordaan, I.J. (1996). Application of damage mechanics to ice failure in compression. Cold Regions Science and Technology 24, 305–322.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Singh, S., Jordaan, I. Constitutive behaviour of crushed ice. International Journal of Fracture 97, 171–187 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018361019992
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018361019992