Abstract
The reproductive behaviour of female Varroa destructor mites invading worker brood cells during the winter months (January to mid-March) was investigated in four Apis mellifera colonies in UK. The number of viable offspring produced during a reproductive cycle, per mite, was only 0.5 during winter compared with 1.0 during the summer. This was mainly due to a large increase in the population of non-reproductive mites (winter 20%, summer 8%). This increase can be explained by the high level of male offspring mortality observed in winter (42% vs. 18% in summer), which results in nearly half of the newly reared female mites being unfertilised. Since mites that do reproduce lay a similar number of eggs in winter (\(\overline X = 4.7\)) as in summer (\(\overline X = 4.9\)), and the level of mortality suffered by the first female offspring is similar in winter (7%) as in summer (6%), it is probably not the internal physiological state of the host which causes the high level of winter non-reproduction, as has been previously suspected.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akimov, I.A. and Yastrebtsov, A.V. 1984. Reproductive system of Varroa jacobsoni. I. Female reproductive system and oogenesis. Vestn. Zool. 6: 61-68 (in Russian).
Anderson, D.L. and Trueman, J.W.H. 2000. Varroa jacobsoni (Acari: Varroidae) is more than one species. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 24: 165-189.
Blum, R. 1989. Reproduktion von Varroa in Abhängigkeit von der Pollenversorgung des Bienenvolks. Diplomarbeit, Universität Tübingen, Germany.
Donzé, G., Herrmann, M., Bachofen, B. and Guerin, P.M. 1996. Effect of mating frequency and brood cell infestation rate on the reproductive success of the honeybee parasite Varroa jacobsoni. Ecol. Entomol. 21: 17-26.
Harris, J.W. and Harbo, J.R. 1999. Low sperm counts and reduced fecundity of mites in colonies of honeybees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) resistant to Varroa jacobsoni (Mesostigmata: Varroidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 92: 83-90.
Ifantidis, M.D. 1983. Ontogenesis of the mite Varroa jacobsoni in worker and drone brood cells. J. Apic. Res. 23: 227-233.
Jeffree, E.P. 1956. Winter brood and pollen in honeybee colonies. Insect Soc. 3: 416-421.
Martin, S.J. 1994. Ontogenesis of the mite Varroa jacobsoni Oud. in worker brood of the honeybee Apis mellifera L. under natural conditions. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 18: 87-100.
Martin, S.J. 1995. Reproduction of Varroa jacobsoni in cells of Apis mellifera containing one or more mother mites and the distribution of these cells. J. Apic. Res. 34: 187-196.
Medina, L.M. and Martin, S.J. 1999. A comparative study of Varroa jacobsoni reproduction in worker cells of honeybees (Apis mellifera) in England and Africanized bees in Yucatan, Mexico. Exp. App. Acarol. 23: 659-667.
Mobus, B. 1998. Brood rearing in the winter cluster. Am. Bee J. 138: 511-514.
Otten, C. and Fuchs S. 1990. Seasonal variations in the reproductive behaviour of Varroa jacobsoni in colonies of Apis mellifera carnica, A. m. ligustica and A. m. mellifera. Apidologie 21: 367-368.
Piletskaya, I.V. 1992. Seasonal changes in the reproductive indices of Varroa jacobsoni in a honeybee colony Vestnik Zoologii 1: 70-74 (In Russian).
Seeley, T.D. and Visscher, P.K. 1985. Survival of honeybees in cold climates: the critical timing of colony growth and reproduction. Ecol. Entomol. 10: 81-88.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Martin, S.J. Varroa destructor reproduction during the winter in Apis mellifera colonies in UK. Exp Appl Acarol 25, 321–325 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017943824777
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017943824777