Abstract
The type of energy system andindustrial structure of urban areas is veryimportant for the total amounts of Cu emitted.The total per capita emission for the New Yorkarea is estimated to be approximately 4 timeslarger than Stockholm municipality between 1900–1980. The latter was mainly the result of largedifferences in energy systems and industrialstructure. Hydro-electric power and non fossilfuels were important energy sources for Stockholmwhile coal was a much more significant fuel forthe New York area. Metal processing hascharacterised the industries of Stockholm whilethe New York area was a national centre forcopper and petroleum refining as well as thechemical industry. In both cases the estimated Cuemissions from fuel combustion and industrydecreased from 1900–1980. But in the case ofconsumption related emissions the time trendsdiffer between the two urban areas. In Stockholmend use was the largest category of Cu emissionsduring the whole time period studied. In the NewYork area consumption related emissions becamethe largest source of Cu emission in the 1950s.
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Svidén, J., Hedbrant, J., Lohm, U. et al. Copper Emissions from Fuel Combustion Consumption and Industry in Two Urban Areas 1900–1980. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus 1, 167–177 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017560306168
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017560306168