Abstract
A review is given of recent theoretical work on the superfluid dynamics of trapped Bose gases at finite temperatures, where there is a significant fraction of non-condensate atoms. One can now reach large enough densities and collision cross-sections needed to probe the collective modes in the collision-dominated hydrodynamic region where the gas exhibits characteristic superfluid behavior involving the relative motions of the condensate and non-condensate components. The precise analogue of the Landau-Khalatnikov two-fluid hydrodynamic equations was recently derived from trapped Bose gases, starting from a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the condensate macroscopic wavefunction and a kinetic equation for the non-condensate atoms.
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Griffin, A., Nikuni, T. Two-Fluid Hydrodynamics in Trapped Bose Gases and in Superfluid Helium. Journal of Low Temperature Physics 121, 247–256 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017504403331
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017504403331