Abstract
Group approaches have historically been very popular in treatment facilities for juvenile offenders. Although many of the techniques are descriptively, well documented, there is a shortage of evaluation research assessing the impacts of this type of treatment, especially as it relates to helping youth live independently in community settings. This manuscript describes a unique critique of peer-oriented therapy. The critics are former clients of juvenile treatment facilities where this type of group model was practiced. Former residents of these facilities offered their impressions in the context of life history interviews describing their experiences in the juvenile justice system. These individuals, interviewed in prisons where they were incarcerated as adults after leaving the juvenile system, offer illuminating and critical portrayals of their experience with a particular form of peer counseling—Positive Peer Culture. Their input should be interesting and valuable to those professionals who are committed to providing effective services to juvenile offenders and their families.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Anderson, E. (May 1994). The code of the streets, Atlantic Monthly, 81–94.
Behar, R. (1995). Rage and redemption: Reading the life story of a Mexican marketing woman. In Tedlock, D. & Mannheim, B. (Eds.), The dialogic emergence of culture (pp. 148–178). Urbana, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Berman-Rossi, T. (1993). The tasks and skills of the social worker across the stages of group development. Social Work with Groups, 16(1- 2), 69–81.
Brendtro, L., & Wasmund, W. (1989). The peer culture model. In Lyman, R. D. & Prentice-Dunn, S. (Eds.), Residential and Inpatient Treatment of Children & Adolescents (pp. 81–95). New York: Plenum.
Brendtro, L. & Ness, A. (1982). Perspectives on Peer Group Treatment: The Use and Abuse of Guided Group Interaction: Positive Peer Culture, Children and Youth Services Review, 4.
Burgess, E. W. (1928). The family and the person. Personality and the social group. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Collins, M., Schwartz, I., & Epstein, I. (In press). Risk factors in a sample of youth released from residential childcare. Youth Services Review.
Crapanzano, V. (1980). Tuhami: Portrait of a MOROCCAN. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Dishion, T. J., McCord, J., & Poulin, F. (1999). When interventions harm: Peer groups and problem behavior. American Psychologist, 54(9), 755–764.
Dubisch, J., (1995). In a different place. Princeton, NJ: Princeton, NJ.
Franklin, C., McNeil, J. S., & Wright, R. (1991). The effectiveness of social work in an alternative school for high school dropouts. Social Work with Groups, 14(2), 59–73.
Frankenberg, A. (1993). Risk: Anthropological and epidemiological narratives of prevention. In Lindenbaum, S., and Lock, M. (eds.), Knowledge, power and practice: The anthropology of medicine and everyday life (pp. 219–242). Berkeley, CA: The University of California Press.
Gold, M., & Osgood, D. W. (1992). Personality and Peer Influence in Juvenile Corrections. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press.
Goodman, H., Getzel, G., & Ford, W. (1996). Group work with high-risk urban youth on probation. Social Work, 41(4), 375–381.
Haggerty, K., Wells, E., Jenson, J., Catalano, R., & Hawkins, D. (1989). Delinquents and drug use: A model program for community reintegration, Adolescence XXIV, 94, 439–456.
Hawkins, D., Catalano, R., Gilmore, M., & Wells, E. (1989). Skills training for drug abusers: Generalization, maintenance, and effects on drug use. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 57(4), 559–563.
Hawkins, D., Jenson, J., Catalano, R., & Wells, E. (1991). Effects of a skills training intervention with juvenile delinquents. Research on Social Work Practice, 1(2), 107–121.
Halpern, R. (1995). Children on the edge: An essay review, Social Service Review, (March), 131–151.
Holmes, G. (1992). Social work research and the empowerment paradigm. In D. Saleebey (Ed.), The strengths perspective in social work practice (pp. 158–168). White Plains, NY: Longman.
Kapp, S. (1997). Examining Life in the Juvenile Justice System: A Qualitative Approach Employing Life History Interviews and Reflexivity. Michigan State University.
Kapp, S., Schwartz, I., & Epstein, I. (1994). Adult imprisonment of males released from residential childcare longitudinal study. Residential Treatment for Children and Youth, 12(2), 19–36.
Lee, R. E. (1996). FIRO-B scores and success in a positive peer culture residential treatment program. Psychological Reports, 78, 215–220.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G., (1985).Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Loseke, D. (1989). Evaluation research and the practice of social services: A case for qualitative methodology. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 18(2), 202–223.
MacLeod, J. (1987). Ain't no makin' it: Leveled aspirations in a low-income neighborhood. Bolder, CO: Westview.
Molidor, C. (1996). Female gang members: A profile of aggression and victimization. Social Work, 41(3), 251–260.
Osgood, D. W., Gurber, E., Archer, M. A., & Newcomb, T. M. (1985). Autonomy for inmates: Counterculture or cooptation. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 12, 71–89.
Researchware. (1993). Hyper Research: A content analysis tool for the qualitative researcher. Randolph, MA: Research Ware, Inc.
Rhodes, L. (1991). The shape of action: Practice in public psychiatry. In S. Lindenbaum and M. Lock (Eds.), Knowledge, power and practice: The anthropology of medicine and everyday life (pp. 129–144). Berkeley, CA: The University of California Press.
Rose, S. D. (1972). Treating Children in Groups. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
Rose, S. D., & Edleson, J. L. (1987).Working with Children and Adolescents in Groups. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
Saleebey, D. (1992). The strengths perspective in social work practice. White Plains, NY: Longman.
Schwartz, I., Kapp, S., & Overstreet, E. (1994). Juvenile justice and child welfare: Longitudinal research in the state of Michigan. In Weitekamp, E., and Kerner, H-J. (Eds.), Cross-National Longitudinal Research on Human Development and Criminal Behavior (pp. 111–115). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.
Shaw, C. (1930). The jack-roller: A delinquent boy's own story. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Shulman, L. (1992). The skills of helping:Individuals, families, and groups. Itasca, IL: Peacock Publishers.
Smokowsi, P. R., Rose, S., Todar, K., & Reardon, K. (1999). Postgroup—casualty status, group events, and leader behavior:An early look in the dynamics of damaging group experiences. Research on Social Work Practice, 9(5), 555–574.
Tannehill, R. L. (1987). Employing a modified positive peer culture treatment approach in a state youth center. Journa of Offender Counseling, Services, and Rehabilitation, 12(1), 113–129.
Taylor, C. (1990). Dangerous Society. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press.
Vincent, J., Houlihan, D., & Mitchell, P. (1992). Predictors of peer helpfulness:Implications for youth in residential treatment. Behavioral Residential Treatment, 7, 45–53.
Vincent, J., Houlihan, D., & Mitchell, P. (1994). Using sociometric measures to predict help seeking behavior of youth in a positive peer culture program. Behavioral Intervention, 9(2), 78–92.
Vorrath, H., & Brendtro, L. (1985). Positive Peer Culture (2nd edition). New York: Aldine Publishing Company.
Waitzkin, H. (1991). The politics of medical encounters: How patients and doctors deal with social problems. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Wasmund, W.(1988). The social climate of peer group and other residential settings. Child and Youth Quarterly, 2, 27–34.
Yalom, I. D. (1985). The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books.
Zimpfer, D. G. (1992). Group Work with Delinquents. The Journal Specialist in Group Work, 17(2), 116–126.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kapp, S.A. Positive Peer Culture: The Viewpoint of Former Clients. Journal of Child and Adolescent Group Therapy 10, 175–189 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016679111706
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016679111706