Abstract
Transformed roots of V. locusta (Valerianaceae) were obtained through transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains A4 and ATCC 15834. Six known valepotriates, including diavaltrate, acevaltrate, didrovaltrate, IVHD-valtrate, isovaltrate, and valtrate were the major components detected. An LC/PDA method was used in the quantitation of these compounds in the transformed root extracts. The treatment of transformed roots with biotic (methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, yeast extract) and abiotic elicitors (CuSO4, HgCl2, CaCl2) was used as a strategy to improve the production of valepotriates. Methyl jasmonate appeared to be the best elicitor for valepotriate production, yielding up to a 7-fold increase in total valepotriate content, while HgCl2 had the most deteriorating effect on the production of valepotriates. Salicylic acid-, CuSO4- and CaCl2-treated roots showed significant increases in the production at a short duration of exposure; the production decreased as the time of elicitation increased. The highest total valepotriate content achieved in this study was 139 mg g−1 DW (13.9%) from transformed roots treated for 10 days with 100 μM methyl jasmonate. This amount was >50- and 12-fold higher than the values reported from the cultivated plants and callus culture, respectively, and was comparable to the amount reported from the high valepotriate-producing species Valeriana thalictroides Graebn. The production of diavaltrate, acevaltrate, didrovaltrate, and isovaltrate were significantly higher, while the production of IVHD-valtrate was lower and that of valtrate was similar to that of the control. The IVAL/VAL production ratio was affected by the treatment with methyl jasmonate but not by other elicitors. The use of transformed root cultures in combination with the treatment with biotic and abiotic elicitors offer a new route for high valepotriate production.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Banerjee S, Rahman L, Uniyal GC & Ahuja PS (1998) Enhanced production of valepotriates by Agrobacterium rhizogenes induced hairy root cultures of Valeriana wallichii DC. Plant Sci., 131: 203–208
Becker H & Schrall R (1980) Valepotriates in tissue cultures of nine different Valerianaceae species in comparison to literature data of the intact plants. J. Nat. Prod. 43: 721–723
Becker H, Chavadej S & Weberling F (1984) Valepotriates in Valeriana thalictroides. Planta Med. 49: 64
Bonhomme V, Laurain-Mattar D & Fliniaux MA (2000) Effects of the rol C gene on hairy root: Induction development and tropane alkaloid production by Atropa belladonna. J. Nat. Prod. 63: 1249–1252
Bos R, Hendriks H, Scheffer JJC & Woerdenbag HJ (1998) Cytotoxic potential of valerian constituents and valerian tinctures. Phytomedicine 5: 219–225
Bounthanh C, Bergmann C, Beck JP, Haag-Berrurier M & Anton R (1981) Valepotriates, a new class of cytotoxic and antitumor agents. Planta Med. 41: 21–28
Caetano LC, Charlwood BV & Gahan PB (1999) The localisation and accumulation of valepotriates in hairy roots of Valerianella discoidea (L.) Loisel. Phytochem. Anal. 10: 181–186
Castañeda P & Pérez LM (1996) Calcium ions promote the response of Citrus limon against fungal elicitors or wounding. 42: 595–598
Chavadej S, Becker H & Weberling F (1985) Further investigations of valepotriates in the Valerianaceae. Pharm. Weekbl. Sci. Ed. 7: 167–168
Doares SH, Narváez-Vásquez J, Conconi A & Ryan CA (1995) Salicylic acid inhibits synthesis of proteinase inhibitors in tomato leaves induced by systemin and jasmonic acid. Plant Physiol. 108: 1741–1746
Flores HE, Hoy MW & Pickard JJ (1987) Secondary metabolites from root cultures, Trends Biotechnol. 5: 64–69
Fuzzati N, Wolfender JL, Hostettmann K, Msonthi JD, Mavi S & Molleyres LP (1996) Isolation of antifungal valpepotraites from Valeriana capense and the search for valepotriates in crude Valerianaceae extracts. Phytochem. Anal. 7: 76–85
Gamborg OL, Miller RA & Ojima, K (1968) Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Exp. Cell Res. 50: 151–158.
Gränicher F, Christen P & Kapétanidis I (1992) High-yield production of valepotriates by hairy root cultures of Valeriana officinalis L. var. sambucifolia Mikan. Plant Cell Rep. 11: 339–342
Gränicher F, Christen P & Kapétanidis I (1995) Production of valepotriates by hairy root cultures of Centranthus ruber DC. Plant Cell Rep. 14: 294–298
Gundlach H, Müller MJ, Kutchan TM & Zenk MH (1992) Jasmonic acid is a signal transducer in elicitor-induced plant cell cultures, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 2389–2393
Gutierrez M-C, Parry A, Tena M, Jorrin J & Edwards R (1995) Abiotic elicitation of coumarin phytoalexins in sunflower. Phytochemistry 38: 1185–1191
Hamill JD, Parr AJ, Rhodes MJC, Robins RJ & Walton NJ (1987) New routes to plant secondary products. Bio/Technology 5: 800–804
Houghton PJ (1999) The scientific basis for the reputed activity of valerian. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 51: 505–512
Ignatov A, Clark WG, Cline SD, Psenak M, Krueger RJ & Coscia CJ (1996) Elicitation of dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase in Sanguinaria canadensis cell cultures. Phytochemistry 43: 1141–1144
Kittipongpatana N (2000) Effects of biotic and abiotic elicitors on the production of phytochemicals from transformed root cultures of Valerianella locusta Laterrade (Valerianaceae), Ph.D. Dissertation, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA (pp. 1–193)
Kuroyanagi M, Arakawa T, Mikami Y, Yoshida K, Kawahar N, Hayashi T & Ishimaru H (1999) Phytoalexins from hairy roots of Hyoscymaus albus treated with methyl jasmonate. J. Nat. Prod. 61: 1516–1519
Lodhi AH & Charlwood BV (1996) Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of Rubia peregrina L.: in vitro accumulation of anthraquinones. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 46: 103–108
Murashige T & Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15: 473–497
Parry AD, Tiller SA & Edwards R (1994) The effects of heavy metals and root immersion on isoflavonoid metabolism in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Plant Physiol. 106: 195–198
Sandermann H Jr, Ernst D, Heller W & Langebartels C (1998) Ozone: an abiotic elicitor of plant defence reactions. Trends Plant Sci. 3: 47–50
Stahl E & Schild W (1971) Ñber die Verbeitung der aequiliberend wirkenden Valepotriate in der Familie der Valerianaceen. Phytochemistry. 10: 147–153
Wagner H & Jurcic K (1979) On the spasmolytic effect of Valeriana extracts. Planta Med. 37: 84–86
White PJ (2000) Calcium channels in higher plants. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1465: 171–189
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kittipongpatana, N., Davis, D.L. & Porter, J.R. Methyl jasmonate increases the production of valepotriates by transformed root cultures of Valerianella locusta . Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 71, 65–75 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016517019327
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016517019327