Abstract
Novel techniques have recently emerged to separate chiral drug compounds into pure enantiomers. The mechanism, experimental difficulties, and applicability of these methods can vary greatly, and the choices involved are not straightforward. The most significant new advances in the field of chiral separations have come from work done with liquid chromatographic systems and chiral stationary-phase columns. This review describes several commonly used approaches to chiral separation, diastereomeric derivatization, chiral mobile-phase additives, and three major types of chiral stationary phases. Although no single method can be judged superior for every drug application, it appears that chiral stationary phases have received the most attention recently and they are emphasized here.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
R. Bishop, I. Hermansson, B. Jaderlund, G. Lindgren, and C. Pernow. Am. Lab. 18:138–144 (1986).
W. L. Hinze and D. W. Armstrong. Anal. Lett. 13:103–104 (1980).
D. W. Armstrong. Anal. Chem. 59:84A–91A (1987).
E. Gil-Av and D. Nurok. In J. C. Giddings and R. A. Keller (eds.), Advances in Chromatography, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1974, Vol. 10 pp 99–172.
H. C. Rose, R. L. Stern, and B. L. Krager. Anal. Chem. 38:469–472 (1966).
W. H. Pirkle and J. R. Hauske. J. Org. Chem. 42:1839–1844, 2436–2439 (1977).
W. H. Pirkle and J. Finn. In J. D. Morrison (ed.), Asymmetric Synthesis, Vol. 1. Analytical Methods, Academic Press, New York, 1983, pp. 87–124.
R. W. Souter, Chromatographic Separations of Stereoisomers, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1985.
W. Linder and C. Petterson. In I. W. Wainer (ed.), Liquid Chromatography in Pharmaceutical Development: An Introduction, Aster, Springfield, Ore., 1985, pp 63–131.
B. Testa. Xenobiotica 16:265–279 (1986).
A. A. Gulaid, G. W. Houghton, and A. R. Boobis. J. Chromatogr. 318:393–397 (1985).
M. J. Wilson and T. Walle. J. Chromatogr. 310:424–430 (1984).
P. H. Hsyu and K. M. Giacomini. J. Pharm. Sci. 75:601–605 (1986).
A. J. Sedman and J. Gal. J. Chromatogr. 278:199–203 (1983).
M. Yoneda, A. Shiratsuchi, M. Yoshimura, Y. Ohkawa, and T. Muramatsu. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 33:2735–2742 (1985).
C. Banfield and M. Rowland. J. Pharm. Sci. 72:921–924 (1983).
D. M. Johnson, A. Reuter, J. M. Collins, and G. F. Thompson. J. Pharm. Sci. 68:112–114 (1979).
J. P. Kamerling, M. Duran, G. J. Gerwig, D. Ketting, L. Brunvis, J. F. G. Vliegenthart, and S. K. Wadman. J. Chromatogr. 222:276–283 (1981).
I. S. Krull. In J. C. Giddings, E. Grushka, J. Cazes, and P. R. Brown (eds.), Advances in Chromatography, Vol. 16, J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1977, pp. 175–210.
H. Nakazawa and H. Yoneda. J. Chromatogr. 160:89–99 (1978)
J. Lepage, W. Lindner, G. Davies, and B. Karger. Anal. Chem. 51:433–435 (1979).
C. Pettersson and G. Schill. J. Chromatogr. 204:179–183 (1981).
J. Lepage, W. Lindner, G. Davies, and B. Karger. J. Chromatogr. 185:323–344 (1979).
C. Gilon, R. Leshem, and E. Grushka. Anal. Chem. 52:1206–1209 (1980).
S. Lam, F. Chow, and A. Karmen. J. Chromatogr. 199:295–305 (1980).
L. R. Gelber, B. L. Karge, J. L. Neumeyer, and B. Feibush. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106:7729–7734 (1984).
C. Pettersson, T. Arvidsson, A. L. Karlsson, and I. Marle. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 4:221–235 (1986).
M. I. Popova and C. G. Kratchanov. J. Chromatogr. 72:192–197 (1972).
M. I. Popova, C. G. Kratchanov, and M. J. Kuntcheva. J. Chromatogr. 87:581–584 (1973).
L. Hackzell and G. Schill. Chromatographia 15:437–444 (1982).
D. Sybilska, J. Zukowski, and J. Bojarski. J. Liq. Chromatogr. 9:591 (1986).
D. Sybilska, J. Debowski, and J. Jurczak. J. Chromatgor. 237:303–306 (1982).
W. H. Pirkle, D. W. House, and J. M. Finn. J. Chromatogr. 192:143–158 (1980).
I. W. Wainer, T. D. Doyle, Z. Hamidazadeh, and M. Aldridge. J. Chromatogr. 268:106–109 (1983).
W. H. Pirkle, J. M. Finn, J. L. Schreiner, and B. C. Hamper. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103:3964–3966 (1981).
N. Oi, M. Nagase, Y. Inda, and T. Doi. J. Chromatogr. 265:111–116 (1983).
A. Ichida, T. Shibata, I. Okamoto, Y. Yuki, H. Namikashi, and Y. Toga. Chromatographia 19:280–284 (1984).
I. W. Wainer and M. C. Alembik. J. Chromatogr. 358:85–93 (1986).
T. Shibata, I. Okamoto, and K. Ishii. J. Liq. Chromatogr. 9:313 (1986).
I. W. Wainer and T. D. Doyle. LC Mag. 2:88–94 (1984).
H. B. Weems and S. K. Young. Anal. Biochem. 125:156–161 (1982).
C. A. Demerson, L. G. Humber, N. A. Abraham, G. Schilling, R. R. Mantel, and C. Pace-Asciak. J. Med. Chem. 26:1778–1780 (1983).
Regis Chemical Co. Technical Bulletin (1986).
I. W. Wainer, T. D. Doyle, K. H. Donn, and J. R. Powell. J. Chromatogr. 306:405–411 (1984).
I. W. Wainer, M. C. Alembik, and L. T. Fisher. Submitted for publication.
M. C. Alembik and I. W. Wainer. J. Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chem. (in press).
E. D. Lee, J. Henion, C. A. Brunner, and I. W. Wainer. Anal. Chem. 58:1349–1352 (1986).
I. W. Wainer. Chromatogr. Forum Dec.: 55–61 (1986).
W. H. Pirkle and T. C. Pochapsy. J. Chromatogr. (in press).
W. H. Pirkle and A. Tsipouras. J. Chromatogr. 291:291–298 (1984).
N. Widdenhof. Starke 21:164–169 (1969).
A. Harada, M. Fure, and S. A. Nozakura. J. Polymer. Sci. 16:189–196 (1978).
D. W. Armstrong. Patents pending, USA, Japan, Europe, 1984.
M. L. Bender and M. Komiyama. Cyclodextrin Chemistry, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1978.
J. Szejtli. Cyclodextrins and Their Inclusion Complexes, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, Hungary, 1982.
V. Daffe and J. Fastrez. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2:789–796 (1983).
M. Mikolajczyk and J. Drabowicz. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100:2510–2515 (1978).
V. A. DaVanok, A. A. Kurganov, and A. S. Bochkov. In J. C. Giddings (ed.), Adv. Chromatogr., Vol. 22, J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1983 pp. 71–116.
D. W. Armstrong, T. J. Ward, R. D. Armstrong, and T. E. Beesley. Science 232:1132–1135 (1986).
T. E. Beesley. Am Lab. 17:78–83 (1985).
W. L. Hinze. Sep. Purif. Methods 10:159–237 (1981).
B. Feibush, M. Cohen, and B. L. Karger. J. Chromatogr. 282:3–26 (1983).
G. Blaschke, H. P. Kraft, K. Fickentscher, and F. Kohler. Arzneim.-forsch. 29:1640–1642 (1979).
B. G. Snider. J. Chromatogr. 341:548–553 (1986).
S. Allenmark, B. Bomgren, and H. Boren. J. Chromatogr. 269:63–68 (1983).
J. Hermansson. J. Chromatogr. 269:71–80 (1983).
G. Shill, I. W. Wainer, and S. Barkan. J. Liq Chromatogr 9:641–666 (1986).
J. Allenmark. Liq. Chromatogr 9:425 (1986).
A. H. Beckett. Prog. Drug Res. 1:455 (1959).
P. Jenner and B. Testa. Drug Metab. Res. 2:117 (1973).
I. W. Wainer, S. A. Barkan, and G. Schill. LC/GC Mag. 5:422–430 (1986).
J. Hermansson. J. Chromatogr. 325:379–384 (1985).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Karnes, H.T., Sarkar, M.A. Enantiomeric Resolution of Drug Compounds by Liquid Chromatography. Pharm Res 4, 285–292 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016437018323
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016437018323