Abstract
Sediment drifts provide information on the palaeoceanographic development of a region. Additionally, they may represent hydrocarbon reservoirs. Because of this, sediment drift investigation has increased over the last few years. Nevertheless, a number of problems remain regarding the processes controlling their shape, the characteristic lithological and seismic patterns and the diagnostic criteria. As an example, sediment drifts from the Agulhas Plateau, southwest Indian Ocean, are presented here. They show a variety of seismic features and facies including an asymmetric mounded geometry, changes in internal reflection pattern, truncation of internal reflectors at the seafloor and discontinuities. This collection of observations in combination with the local oceanography appears to comprise a diagnostic tool for sediment drifts.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
References
Allen, R. B., and Tucholke, B. E., 1981, Petrography and Implications of Continental Rocks from the Agulhas Plateau, Southwest Indian Ocean. Geology 9, 463-468.
Barrett, D. M., 1977, The Agulhas Plateau off Southern Africa: A Geophysical Study. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 88, 749-763.
Ben-Avraham, Z., Hartnady, C. J. H. and le Roex, A. P., 1995, Neotectonic Activity on Continental Fragments in the Southwest Indian Ocean: Agulhas Plateau and Mozambique Ridge. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 6199-6211.
Camden-Smith, F., Perrins, L.-A., Dingle, R., and Brundrit, G. B., 1981, A Preliminary Report on Long-Term Bottom-Current Measurements and Sediment Transport/Erosion in the Agulhas Passage, Southwest Indian Ocean. Mar. Geol. 39, 81-88.
de Ruijter, W. P. M., Biastoch, A., Drijfhout, S. S., Lutjeharms, J. R. E., Matano, R. P., Pichevin, T., van Leeuwen, P. J., and Weijer, W., 1999, Indian-Atlantic interocean Exchange: Dynamics, Estimation and Impact. J. Geophys. Res. C104, 20885-20910.
Dingle, R. V.; Birch, G. F.; Bremner, J. M., de Decker, R. H., du Plessis, A., Engelbrecht, J. C., Fincham, M. J., Fitton, T., Flemming, B. W., Gentle, R. I., Goodlad, S. W., Martin, A. K., Mills, E. G., Moir, G. J., Parker, R. J., Robson, R. H., Simpson, E. E. W., Summerhayes, C. P., Westall, F., Winter, A., and Woodborne, M. W., 1987, Deep-sea Sedimentary Environments Around Southern Africa (South-east Atlantic and South-west Indian Ocean). Ann. South African Museum 98, 1-27.
Dingle, R. V., and Camden-Smith, F., 1979, Acoustic Stratigraphy and Current-Generated Bedforms in Deep Ocean Basins off Southeastern Africa. Mar. Geol. 33, 239-260.
Faugè res, J. C., Mézerais, M. L., and Stow, D. A. V., 1993, Contourite Drift Types and Their Distribution in the North and South Atlantic Ocean Basins. Sed. Geol. 82, 189-203.
Faugè res, J. C., and Stow, D. A. V., 1993, Bottom-Controlled Sedimentation: A Synthesis of the Contourite Problem. Sed. Geol. 82, 287-297.
Faugè res, J. C., Stow, D. A. V., Imbert, P., and Viana, A., 1999, Seismic Features Diagnostic of Contourite Drifts. Mar. Geol. 162, 1-38.
Gohl, K., and Uenzelmann-Neben, G., 2001, The Crustal Role of the Agulhas Plateau, Southwest Indian Ocean: Evidence from Seismic Profiling. Geophys. J. Int. 144, 632-646.
Heezen, B. C., Hollister, C. D., and Ruddiman, W. F., 1966, Shaping of the Continental Rise by Deep Geostrophic Bottom Currents. Science 152, 502-508.
Kristoffersen, Y., and Labreque, J. L., 1991, On the Tectonic History and Origin of the Northeast Georgia Rise. in Ciesielski, P. F., and Kristoffersen, Y. (eds), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results 114, College Station, Tx (Ocean Drilling Program), pp. 23-38.
Labreque, J. L, and Hayes, D. E., 1979, Seafloor Spreading History of the Agulhas Basin. Earth Planet. Sci. Letts. 45, 411-428.
Lutjeharms, J. R. E., 1996, The Exchange of Water Between the South Indian and South Atlantic Oceans. in Wefer, G., Berger, W. H., Siedler, G., and Webb, D. J. (eds.), The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 125-162.
McCave, I. N., and Tucholke, B. E., 1986, Deep Current-Controlled Sedimentation in the Western North Atlantic. in Vogt, P. R., and Tucholke, B. E. (eds.), The Geology of North America M, The Western North Atlantic Region, Geol. Soc. Am., pp. 451-468.
McGinnis, J. P., and Hayes, D. E., 1995, The Roles of Downslope and Along-Slope depositional Processes: Southern Antarctic Pensinsula Continental Rise. in Cooper, A. K., Barker, P. and Brancolini, G. (eds), Geology and Seismic Stratigraphy of the Antarctic Margin, AGU Antarctic Res. Ser., 68, 141-156.
Macdonald, A. M., 1998, The Global Circulation: A Hydrographic Estimate and Regional Analysis. Progr. Oceanogr., 41, 281-382.
Martin, A. K, and Hartnady, C. J. H., 1986, Plate Tectonic Development of the Southwest Indian Ocean: A Revised Reconstruction of East Antarctica and Africa. J. Geophys. Res. 91, 4767-4786.
Read, J. F., and Pollard, R. T., 1999, Deep Inflow into the Mozambique Basin. J. Geophys. Res. C 104, 3075-3090.
Rebesco, M., and Stow, D. A. V., 2000, Seismic Expressions of Contourites and Related Deposits: Including High-Latitude, Glacially-Fed Contourite Systems. in: Stow, D. A. V. (ed.), Contourite watch, IGCP 432 Project Newsletter, Southampton Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK, Issue 4 (December), pp. 4-7.
Rebesco, M., Larter, R. D., Camerlenghi, A., and Barker, P. F., 1996, Giant Sediment Drifts on the Continental Rise West of the Antarctic Pensinsula. Geo-Mar. Letts. 16, 65-75.
Reading, H. G., 1996, Sedimentary Environments: Processes, Facies and Stratigraphy. Blackwell Scientific Pub., Oxford, 688 pp.
Shanmugam, G., 2000, 50 Years of the Turbidite Paradigm (1950s–1990s): Deep-Water Processes and Facies Models–A Critical Perspective. Mar. Pet. Geol. 17, 285-342.
Shanmugam, G., Spalding, T. D., and Rofheart, D. H., 1993, Process, Sedimentology and Reservoir Quality of Deep-Marine Bottom-Current Reworked Sands (Sandy Contourites): An Example from the Gulf of Mexico. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull. 77, 1241-1259.
Siesser, W., Rogers, J., and Winter, A., 1988, Late Neogene Erosion of the Agulhas Moat and the Oligocene Position of Subantarctic Surface Water. Mar. Geol. 80, 119-129.
Smith, W. H. F., and Sandwell, D. T., 1997, Global Seafloor Topography from Satellite Altimetry and Ship Depth Sounding. Science 277, 1956-1962.
Stoker, M. S., 1998, Sediment-Drift Development on the Continental Margin off NW Britain. in Stoker, M. S., Evans, D., and Cramp, A. (eds.), Geological Processes on Continental Margins: Sedimentation, Mass-Wasting and Stability. Geol. Soc. Lon. Spec. Pub. 129, 229-254.
Stow, D. A. V., and Mayall, M., 2000, Deep-Water Sedimentary Systems: New Models for the 21st Century. Mar. Pet. Geol. 17, 125-135.
Stow, D. A. V., Faugè res, J. C., Viana, A., and Gonthier, E., 1998, Fossil Contourites: A Critical Review. Sed. Geol. 115, 3-31.
Tucholke, B. E., and Carpenter, G. B., 1977, Sedimentary Distribution and Cenozoic Sedimentation Patterns on the Agulhas Plateau. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 88, 1337-1346.
Tucholke, B. E., and Embley, R. E., 1984, Cenozoic Regional Erosion of the Abyssal Sea Floor off South Africa. in Schlee, J. S. (ed.), Interregional unconformities and hydrocarbon accumulation, AAPG Memoir 36, 145-164.
Uenzelmann-Neben, G., in press, Contourites on the Agulhas Plateau, SW Indian Ocean: Indications for the Evolution of Currents since Paleogene Times. in Stow, D. A. V., Pudsey, C., Howe, J., Faugè res, J. C. (eds.), Atlas of Deep-Water Contourite Systems, Geol. Soc. Lon. Mem.
Uenzelmann-Neben, G., Gohl, K., Ehrhardt, A., and Seargent., M. J., 1999, Agulhas Plateau, SW Indian Ocean: New Evidence for Excessive Volcanism. Geophys. Res. Letts. 26, 1941-1944.
Winter, A. and Martin, K., 1990, Late Quaternary history of the Agulhas Current. Paleoceanography 5, 479-486.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Uenzelmann-Neben, G. Seismic characteristics of sediment drifts: An example from the Agulhas Plateau, southwest Indian Ocean. Marine Geophysical Researches 22, 323–343 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016391314547
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016391314547
- Agulhas Plateau
- diagnostic criteria
- sediment drifts
- seismic facies