Abstract
A special kind of variation of energetic proton fluxes inside the anisotropic precipitation zone is considered using the data from the low-altitude satellites NOAA/TIROS. The variation is characterized by a localized (within ∼1° of latitude) enhancement of >30 keV protons, both trapped at the spacecraft altitude and precipitating. A close correlation is shown between the morphological characteristics of the proton precipitation and the Pc1 pulsations observed by the ground-based geophysical observatory Sodankylä. The probability of observation of the Pc1 pulsation by a ground-based station decreases with increasing MLT distance between this station and the projection of the satellite detecting the precipitating protons. The Pc1 pulsation frequency decreases as the proton burst latitude increases. These findings support the ion-cyclotron mechanism of the Pc1 production suggesting that both wave generation and particle scattering occur in the source region.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Cornwall, J.M., Hilton, H.H., and Mezira, P.F., Observation of Precipitating Protons in the Energy Range 2.5 keV < E < 200 keV, J. Geophys. Res., 1971, vol. 76, p. 5220.
Kovrazhkin, R.A., Pitch-Distribution of Protons Precipitating from the Auroral Radiation Region in the Range of Hundreds of keV, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 1971, vol. 33, p. 1099.
Mizera, P.F., Observations of Precipitating Protons with Ring Current Energies, J. Geophys. Res., 1974, vol. 79, p. 581.
Hauge, R. and Soraas, F., Precipitation of > 115 keV Protons in the Evening and Forenoon Sectors in Relation to the Magnetic Activity, Planet. Space Sci., 1975, vol. 23, p. 1141.
Soraas, F., Lundbald, J.A., and Hultqvis, B., On the Energy Dependence of the Ring Current Proton Precipitation, Planet. Space Sci., 1977, vol. 25, p. 757.
Kudela, K., Dobrovolska, B., Zakharov, A.V., and Kuznetsova, V.A., 440 keV Proton Precipitation at Middle Latitudes during the Recovery Phase of Magnetic Storms, Planet. Space Sci., 1977, vol. 25, p. 1186.
Altyntseva, V.I., Dronov, A.V., Kovtyukh, A.S., et al., Variations of Intensity and Anisotropy of Precipitating Particles with Energies higher than 30 keV, Kosm. Issled., 1982, vol. 20, no. 4, p. 552.
Gvozdevskii, B.B. and Sergeev, V.A., Scattering by the Current Sheet as a Possible Mechanism of Precipitation for Auroral Protons, Geomagn. Aeron., 1995, vol. 35, no. 4, p. 151.
Gvozdevsky, B.B., Sergeev, V.A., and Mursula, K., Long Lasting Energetic Proton Precipitation in the Inner Magnetosphere after Substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 1997, vol. 102, p. 24333.
Yahnina, T.A., Gvozdevskii, B.B., and Yahnin, A.G., Anisotropic Precipitation of Energetic Protons from the Inner Magnetosphere, Kosm. Issled., 1999, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 44–49.
Sergeev, V.A., Sazhina, E.M., Tsyganenko, N.A., et al., Pitch-Angle Scattering of Energetic Protons in the Magnetotail Current Sheet as the Dominant Source of Their Isotropic Precipitation into the Nightside Ionosphere, Planet. Space Sci., 1983, vol. 31, p. 1147.
Cornwall, J.M., Coroniti, F.V., and Torne, R.M., Turbulent Loss of Ring Current Protons, J. Geophys. Res., 1970, vol. 75, p. 4699.
Williams, D.J. and Lyons, L.R., The Proton Ring Current and Its Interaction with Plasmapause: Storm Recovery Phase, J. Geophys. Res., 1974, vol. 79, p. 4195.
Bespalov, P.A., Demekhov, A.G., Grafe, A., and Trakhtengerts, V.Yu., On the Role of Collective Interactions in Asymmetric Ring Current Formation, Ann. Geophys., 1994, vol. 12, no. 5, p. 422.
Soraas, F. and Berg, L.E., Correlated Satellite Measurements of Proton Precipitation and Plasma Density, J. Geophys. Res., 1974, vol. 79, no. 34, p. 5171.
Yahnina, T.A., Titova, E.E., and Yahnin, A.G., Localized Precipitation of Energetic Protons at Subauroral Latitudes, Proceedings of XXI Apatity Seminar “Physics of Auroral Phenomena,” Apatity, 1998, pp. 113–117.
Gintsburg, M.A., Ob odnom novom mekhanizme vozniknoveniya mikropul'satsii zemnogo magnitnogo polya, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geofiz., 1961, no. 11, p. 1679.
Cornwall, J.M., Cyclotron Instabilities and Electromagnetic Emission in the Ultra Low Frequency Ranges, J. Geophys. Res., 1965, vol. 70, p. 61.
Guglielmi, A.V., MGD volny v okolozemnoi plazme (MHD Waves in the Near Terrestrial Plasma), Moscow: Nauka, 1979.
Young, D.T., Perraut, S., Roux, A., et al., Wave-Particle Interactions Near Observed on GEOS 1 and 2:1. Propagation of Ion Cyclotron Waves in He+-Rich Plasma, J. Geophys. Res., 1981, vol. 86, p. 6755.
Gomberoff, L. and Neira, R., Convective Growth Rate of Ion Cyclotron Waves in a H+/He+ and H+/He++/O+ Plasma, J. Geophys. Res., 1983, vol. 88, p. 2170.
Kozyra, J.U., Cravens, T.E., Nagy, A.F., et al., Effects of Energetic Heavy Ions on Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Wave Generation in the Plasmapause Region, J. Geophys. Res., 1984, vol. 89, p. 2217.
Trakhtengerts, V.Y., Demekhov, A.G., Polyakov, S.V., et al., A Mechanism of Pc1 Pearl Formation Based on the Alfven Sweep Maser, J. Atmos. Solar.-Terr. Phys., 2000, vol. 62, p. 231.
Mende, S.B., Arnoldi, R.L., Cahill, L.J., Jr., et al., Correlation between ?4278-Å Optical Emissions and Pc1 Pearl Event Observed at Simple Station, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 1980, vol. 85, p. 1194.
Arnoldy, R.L., Levis, P.V., Jr., and Cahill, L.J., Jr., Polarization of Pc1 and IPDP Pulsations Correlated with Particle Precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 1979, vol. 84, p. 7091.
Pikkarainen, T., Kangas, J., Ranta, H., et al., Riometer Absorption Events in the Evening-to-Afternoon Sector of the Auroral and Sub-Auroral Zone and Movements of the IPDP Source, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 1986, vol. 48, p. 585.
Fukunishi, H., Toya, T., Koike, K., et al., Classification of Hydromagnetic Emission Based on Frequency-Time Spectra, J. Geophys. Res., 1981, vol. 86, p. 9029.
Hill, V.D., Evans, D.S., and Sauer, H.H., TIROS/NOAA Satellites Space Environment Monitor, Archive Tape Documentation, NOAA Tech. Mem. ERL SEL-71, Boulder: Environs. Res. Lab., 1985.
Kangas, J., Guglielmi, A., and Pokhotelov, O., Morphology and Physics of Short-Period Magnetic Pulsations- a Review, Space Sci. Rev., 1998, vol. 83, p. 435.
Belyaev, P.P., Bosinger, T., Isaev, S.V., et al., First Evidence at High Latitudes for the Ionospheric Alfven Resonator, J. Geophys. Res., 1999, vol. 104, p. 4305.
Erlandson, R.E. and Anderson, B.J., Pc1 Waves in the Ionosphere: a Statistical Study, J. Geophys. Res., 1996, vol. 101, p. 7843.
Erlandson, R.E., Mursula, K., and Bosinger, T., Simultaneous Ground-Satellite Observations of Structured Pc1 Pulsations, J. Geophys. Res., 1996, vol. 101, p. 27149.
Heacock, R.R. and Akasofu, S.-I., Periodically Structured Pc1 Micropulsations during the Recovery Phase of Intense Magnetic Storms, J. Geophys. Res., 1973, vol. 78, p. 5524.
Fraser, B.J., Kemp, W.J., and Webster, D.J., Ground-Satellite Study of a Pc1 Ion Cyclotron Wave Event, J. Geophys. Res., 1989, vol. 94, p. 11855.
Erlandson, R.E., Zanetti, L.J., Potemra, T.A., et al., Viking Magnetic and Electric Field Observations of Pc1 Waves at High Latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 1990, vol. 95, p. 5941.
Anderson, B.J., Erlandson, R.E., and Zanetti, L.J., A Statistical Study of Pc 1-2 Magnetic Pulsations in the Equatorial Magnetosphere. 1. Equatorial Occurrence Distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 1992, vol. 97, p. 3075.
Baransky, L., Golikov, Yu., Feygin, F., et al., Role of the Plasmapause and Ionosphere in the Generation and Propagation of Pearl Pulsations, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 1981, vol. 43, p. 875.
Carpenter, D.L., Giles, B.L., Chappell, C.R., et al., Plasmasphere Dynamics in the Duskside Bulge Region: a New Look at on Old Topic, J. Geophys. Res., 1993, vol. 98, p. 19243.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yahnina, T.A., Yahnin, A.G., Kangas, J. et al. Localized Enhancements of Energetic Proton Fluxes at Low Altitudes in the Subauroral Region and Their Relation to the Pc1 Pulsations. Cosmic Research 40, 213–223 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015968702640
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015968702640