Abstract
Late leaf spot (LLS) and rust cause substantial yield losses and reduce the fodder and seed quality in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Adoption of resistant cultivars by the semi-arid tropic farmers is the best option to overcome yield losses. Knowledge on components of resistance to these diseases should facilitate the development of groundnut cultivars with enhanced resistance to LLS and rust. The objectives of the experiments were to study the genetic variability and relationships among components of resistance to LLS and rust, and assess their significance in disease resistance breeding. Fifteen interspecific derivatives for LLS and 14 for rust and a susceptible control, TMV 2, were evaluated in a randomised complete block design with two or three replications under greenhouse conditions. The experiments were repeated twice. Genotypic differences were highly significant for all the traits studied. Resistance to LLS is due to longer incubation and latent periods, lesser lesions per leaf, smaller lesion diameter, lower sporulation index, and lesser leaf area damage and disease score. Selection based on components of resistance to LLS may not lead to plants with higher retained green leaf area. The remaining green leaf area on the plant should, therefore, be the major selection criteria for resistance to LLS in breeding programs. Resistance to rust is due to longer incubation and latent periods, fewer pustules per leaf, smaller pustule diameter, lower sporulation index, and lesser leaf area damage and disease score. Rust resistant components appear to work additively, therefore, selection based on resistance components together with green leaf area retained on the plant should be the basis of selecting for resistance to rust in breeding programs. ICGV 99005, 99003, 99012, and 99015 for rust and ICGV 99006, 99013, 99004, 99003, and 99001 for LLS are the better parents for use in resistance breeding programs.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdou, Yousuf A-M, W.C. Gregory & W.E. Cooper, 1974. Sources and nature of resistance to Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporodium personatum (Beck & Curtis) Deighton in Arachis species. Peanut Sci 13: 6–11.
Anderson, W.F., C.C. Holbrook & T.B. Brenneman, 1993. Resistance to Cercosporidium personatum within peanut germplasm. Peanut Sci 20: 53–57.
Butler, D.R., K.D. Wadia & D.R. Jadhav, 1994. Effects of leaf wetness and temperature on late leaf spot infection of groundnut. Plant Pathol 43: 112–120.
Chiteka, Z.A., D.W. Gorbet, D.A. Knauft, F.M. Shokes & T.A. Kucharek, 1988. Components of resistance to late leaf spot in peanut. II. Correlations among components and their significance in breeding for resistance. Peanut Sci 15: 76–81.
Cliford, B.C., 1973. The construction and operation of a dewsimulation chamber. New Phytol 77: 619–623.
Dwivedi, S.L, S.N. Nigam, P. Subrahmanyam, R. Jambunathan, G.V.S. Nagabhushanam, P.M Reddy, K. Raghunath & D. Mc-Donald, 1993. Effect of foliar diseases control by Chlorothalonil on pod yield and quality characteristics of confectionery groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). J Sci Food Agric 63: 265–271.
Falconer, D.S., 1986. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. Longman Scientific and Technical, New York.
Hassan, H.N. & M.K. Beute, 1977. Evaluation of resistance to Cercospora leaf spot in peanut germplasm potentially useful in a breeding program. Peanut Sci 4: 78–83.
Mehan, V.K., P.M. Reddy, K. Vidyasagar Rao & D. McDonald, 1994. Components of rust resistance in peanut genotypes. Phytopathology 84: 1421–1426.
Mehan, V.K., P.M. Reddy, P. Subrahmanyam, D. McDonald & A.K. Singh, 1996. Identification of new sources of resistance to rust and late leaf spot in peanut. Intl J Pest Manag 42: 267–271.
Nevill, D.J., 1981. Components of resistance to Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum in groundnuts. Ann Appl Biol 99: 77–86.
Reddy, P.N. & M.N. Khare, 1988. Components of resistance in groundnut cultivars to Puccinia arachidis Speg. J Oilseeds Res 5: 153–154.
Singh, A.K., V.K. Mehan & S.N. Nigam, 1997. Sources of Resistance to Groundnut Fungal and Bacterial Diseases: An Update and Appraisal. Information Bulletin no. 50. Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. 48 pp.
Subrahmanyam, P., D. McDonald, R.W. Gibbons, S.N. Nigam & D.J. Nevill, 1982. Resistance to rust and late leaf spot diseases in some genotypes of Arachis hypogaea. Peanut Sci 9: 6–10.
Subrahamanyam, P., D. McDonald, R.W. Gibbons & P.V. Subba Rao, 1983a. Components of resistance to Puccinia arachidis in peanut. Phytopathology 73: 253–256.
Subrahmanyam, P., J.P. Moss & V.R. Rao. 1983b. Resistance to peanut rust in wild Arachis species. Plant Dis 67: 209–212.
Subrahmanyam, P., J.H. Williams, D. McDonald & R.W. Gibbons, 1984. The influence of foliar diseases and their control by selective fungicides on a range of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes. Ann Appl Biol 104: 467–476.
Subrahmanyam, P., L.J. Reddy, R.W. Gibbons & D. McDonald, 1985a. Peanut rust: A major threat to peanut production in the semi-arid tropics. Plant Dis 69: 813–819.
Subrahmanyam, P., J.P. Moss, D. McDonald, P.V. Subba Rao & V.R. Rao, 1985b. Resistnace to leaf spot caused by Cercosporidium personatum in wild Arachis species. Plant Dis 69: 951–954.
Subrahmanyam, P., V.R. Rao, D. McDonald, J.P. Moss & R.W. Gibbons, 1989. Origins of resistance to rust and late leaf spot in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Econ Botany 43: 444–455.
Subrahmanyam, P., D. McDonald, F. Waliyar, L.J. Reddy, S.N. Nigam, R.W. Gibbons, V. Ramnatha Rao, A.K. Singh, S. Pande, P.M. Reddy & P.V. Subba Rao, 1995. Screening Methods and Sources of Resistance to Rust and Late Leaf Spot of Groundnut. Information Bulletin no. 47. Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. 24 pp.
Thompson, R. & S.J. Welham, 1993. REML Estimation of Variance Components and Analysis of Unbalanced Designs, pp. 539–583 in Genstat 5, Release 3-Reference Manual. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.
Waliyar, F., 1991. Evaluation of Yield Losses due to Groundnut Leaf Diseases in West Africa. pp. 32–33. Summary Proceedings of the second ICRISAT regional groundnut meeting for West Africa, 11-14 September 1990. ICRISAT Sahelian Centre, Niamey, Niger. ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Srid Tropics) Patanecheru, Andhra Pradesh India.
Waliyar, F., J.P. Bosc & S. Bonkoungou, 1993. Sources of resistance to foliar diseases of groundnut and their stability in West Africa. Oleagineux 48: 283–287.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dwivedi, S.L., Pande, S., Rao, J.N. et al. Components of resistance to late leaf spot and rust among interspecific derivatives and their significance in a foliar disease resistance breeding in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Euphytica 125, 81–88 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015707301659
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015707301659