Skip to main content
Log in

Direct observation of biopolymers produced from submerged culture of edible mushrooms by atomic force microscopy

  • Published:
Biotechnology Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Two biopolymers produced from submerged culture of edible mushrooms were directly observed by atomic force microscopy. Biopolymers were deposited on mica from dilute aqueous solution and imaged in air through a thin layer of adsorbed water and their hydrated structures were observed by a tapping mode. A single biopolymer molecule obtained from Cordyceps militaris was typical of a rod-like structure with bending point, which can form intra- and inter-molecular supercoils. In contrast, the image for low molecular weight biopolymer from Paecilomyces sinclarii is typical of a branched structure in which more extensive interaction leads to the formation of network-like matrix.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allemand JF, Bensimon D, Jullien L, Bensimon A, Croquette V (1997) pH-dependent specific binding and combining of DNA. Biophys. J. 73: 2064-2070.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bae JT, Park JP, Song CH, Yu CB, Park MK, Yun JW (2001) Effect of carbon source on the mycelial growth and exo-biopolymer production by submerged culture of Paecilomyces japonica. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 91: 522-524.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bae JT, Sinha J, Park JP, Song CH, Yun JW (2000) Optimization of submerged culture conditions for exo-biopolymer production by Paecilomyces japonica. J. Microb. Biotechnol. 10: 482-487.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker AA, Miles MJ, Helbert W (2001) Internal structure of the starch granule revealed by AFM. Carbohyd. Res. 330: 249-256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowen WR, Lovitt RW, Wright CJ (2000) Application of atomic force microscopy to the study of micromechanical properties of biological materials. Biotechnol. Lett. 22: 893-903.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brant DA (1999) Novel approach to the analysis of polysaccharide structures. Curr. Opin. Struc. Biol. 9: 556-562.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowman MK, Ki M, Dyal A, Balazs EA (2000) Tapping mode atomic force microscopy of the hyaluronan derivatives, hylan A. Carbohyd. Polym. 41: 229-235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim DH, Yang BK, Jeong SC, Park JB, Cho SP, Das S, Yun JW, Song CH (2001a) Production of a hypoglycemic, extracellular polysaccharide from the submerged culture of the mushroom, Phellinus linteus. Biotechnol. Lett. 23: 513-517.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim DH, Yang BK, Jeong SC, Hur NJ, Das S, Yun JW, Choi JW, Lee YS, Song CH (2001b) A preliminary study on hypoglycemic effect of exo-polymers produced by five different medicinal mushrooms. J. Microb. Biotechnol. 11: 167-171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim DH, Yang BK, Hur NJ, Das S, Yun JW, Choi YS, Song CH (2001c) Hypoglycemic effects of mycelia produced from a submerged culture of Phellinus linteus (Berk. et Curt.) Teng (Aphyllophoromycetideae) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int. J. Med. Mush. 3: 21-26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirby AR, Gunning AP, Morris VJ (1995a) Atomic force microscopy in food research: a new technique comes of age. Trend Food Sci. Technol. 6: 359-365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirby AR, Gunning AP, Morris VJ (1995b) Imaging xanthan gum by atomic force microscopy. Carbohyd. Res. 267: 161-166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Park JP, Kim SW, Hwang HJ, Yun JW (2001) Optimization of submerged culture conditions for the mycelial growth and exobiopolymer production by Cordyceps militaris. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 33: 76-81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridout MJ, Brownsey GJ, Gunning AP, Morris VJ (1998) Characterisation of the polysaccharide produced by Acetobacter xylinum strain CR/4 by light scattering and atomic force microscopy. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 23: 287-293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Round AN, MacDougall AJ, Ring SG, Morris VJ (1997) Unexpected branching in pectin observed by atomic force microscopy. Carbohyd. Res. 303: 251-253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinha J, Bae JT, Park JP, Kim KH, Song CH, Yun JW (2001a) Changes in morphology of Paecilomyces japonica and its effect on broth rheology during production of exo-biopolymers. Appl. Microb. Biotechnol. 56: 88-92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinha J, Bae JT, Park JP, Song CH, Yun JW (2001b) Effect of substrate concentration on broth rheology and fungal morphology during exo-biopolymer production by Paecilomyces japonica in a batch bioreactor. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 29:392-399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang BK, Ha JY, Jeong SC, Das S, Yun JW, Lee YS, Choi JW, Song CH (2000) Production of exo-polymers by submerged mycelial culture of Cordyceps militaris and its hypolipidemic effect. J. Microb. Biotechnol. 10: 784-788.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson KJ, Balnois E, Leppard GG, Buffle J (1999) Characterisation feature of the major components of freshwater colloidal organic matter revealed by transmission electron and atomic force microscopy. Colloid. Surface. 155: 287-310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziegler U, Vinckier A, Kernen P, Zeisel D, Semenza G, Murer H, Groscurth P (1998) Preparation of basal cell membranes for atomic force microscopy. FEBS Lett. 436: 179-184.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cho, K.J., Lee, S.Y. & Yun, J.W. Direct observation of biopolymers produced from submerged culture of edible mushrooms by atomic force microscopy. Biotechnology Letters 24, 873–877 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015562904162

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015562904162

Navigation