Abstract
In Schwarzschild spacetime the value r = 3m of the radius coordinate is characterized by three different properties: (a) there is a “light sphere,” (b) there is “centrifugal force reversal,” (c) it is the upper limiting radius for a non-transparent Schwarzschild source to act as a gravitational lens that produces infinitely many images. In this paper we prove a theorem to the effect that these three properties are intimately related in any spherically symmetric static spacetime. We illustrate the general results with some examples including black-hole spacetimes and Morris-Thorne wormholes.
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Hasse, W., Perlick, V. Gravitational Lensing in Spherically Symmetric Static Spacetimes with Centrifugal Force Reversal. General Relativity and Gravitation 34, 415–433 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015384604371
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015384604371