Abstract
The ion exchange route was first successfully used by Livage et al. for depositing WO3 films exhibiting reversible electrochromic effect. We report in this paper the preparation of a solid precursor material by chemically modifying this route. The short lived ion exchange derived sol on addition of H2O2 and acetic acid on further processing, yields a solid precursor material with (1) unusually enhanced stability and (2) easy solvation in alcohol. UV and infrared spectroscopic investigations give strong evidence for these two properties as manifestations of the lower degree of polymerization and coordination of the acetate ion as a chelating ligand with the tungsten atom.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C.G. Granqvist, Handbook of Inorganic Electrochromic Materials (Elsevier, 1995).
S.K. Deb, Philos. Mag 27, 801 (1973).
C.J. Brinker and G.W. Scherer, Sol-gel Science: The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing (Academic Press, New York, 1990).
J. Livage and J. Lemerse, Ann. Rev. Mat. Sci. 12, 103 (1983).
D. Graigen, A. Mackintosh, J. Hickman, and K. Colbow, J. Electroceem. Soc. 133, 1529 (1986).
A. Chemseddine, R. Mirineau, and J. Livage, Solid State Ionics 9/10, 357 (1983).
K. Yamanaka, H. Okamoto, H. Kidou, and T. Kudo, Jpn. J. of Applied Physics 25, 1420 (1986).
J.P. Cronin, A. Agrawal, D.J. Tarico, and J.C.L. Tonazi, US patent no. 5,525,264, June 1996.
S.A. Agnihotry, R. Ramchandran, P. Varshney, N. Sharma, and M. Deepa, patent filed in UK & India, Feb. 2000.
E. Richardson, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 12, 79 (1959).
P. Sauchay, M. Boyer, and F. Chauveau, Trans. Royal. Institute Technol. Stockholm 259, 161 (1972).
E. Richardson, J. Less-Common Metals 2, 360 (1960).
S. Lindqvist, Acta Chem. Scand 5, 568 (1951).
M. Hibino, T. Kusakabe, and T. Kudo, in Solid State Ionics: Science & Technology edited by B.V.R. Chowdari, K. Lal, S.A. Agnihotry, N. Khare, S.S. Sekhon. P.C. Srivastava, and S. Chandra (World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 1998), p. 275.
M. Hibino, H. Nakajima, T. Kudo, and N. Mizuno, Solid State Ionics 100, 211(1997).
M. Deepa, N. Sharma, P. Varshney, S.P. Varma, and S.A. Agnihotry, J. Mater. Science 35, 1 (2000).
N. Sharma, M. Deepa, P. Varshney, and S.A. Agnihotry, J. Non Cryst. Solids.
W.P. Griffith and T.D. Wickins, J. Chem Soc (A) 590 (1967).
F.A. Cotton, S.M. Morehouse, and J.S. Wood, Inorg. Chem. 3, 1603 (1964).
S.P. McGlynn, J.K. Smith, and W.C. Neely, J. Chem. Phys. 35, 105 (1961).
W.P. Griffith and T.D. Wickins, J. Chem. Soc. (A) 397 (1968).
N.J. Campbell, A.C. Dengel, C.J. Edwards, and W.P. Griffith, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton. Trans. 1203 (1989).
A.C. Dengel, W.P. Griffith, R.P. Dowell, and A.C. Skapski, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton. Trans. 991 (1987).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Agnihotry, S., Sharma, N. & Deepa, M. Ion Exchange Derived Precursor Materials for Deposition of WO3 Electrochromic Films: Spectroscopic Investigations. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 24, 265–270 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015309429841
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015309429841