Abstract
An organization's Intellectual Bandwidth (IB) is its capacity to transform External Domain Knowledge (EDK) into Intellectual Capital (IC), and to convert IC into Applied Knowledge (AK), from which a task team can create value. An organization's IB is an upper boundary on its ability to solve complex problems. To create value, members of an organization must search for knowledge, share it, and, bring it to bear on the issue at hand. The Intellectual Bandwidth of an organization must therefore be, to a certain extent, a function of the ability of its members to access data, information, and knowledge that is relevant in the context of the task at hand in order to understand the causes and consequences of their problem. They must reason about possible solutions and their potential consequences. Throughout the task they must communicate with other stakeholders and subject matter experts as they make a joint effort toward their goal. This paper develops a model of IB based on these and other concepts. It posits that IB is the product of a Hierarchy of Understanding and a Hierarchy of Collaboration. The paper suggests that the model may be useful for analyzing and deploying IT in ways that reduce the cognitive load of bringing EDK and IC to bear on the task at hand. Future research must focus on refining and validating constructs and developing measures of IB, and using those measures to find ways to increase the value derived from EDK and IC.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Ackoff, R. L. (1967). “Management Misinformation Systems,” Management Science 14(4), B147-B156.
Ackoff, R. L. (1989). “From Data to Wisdom,” Journal of Applied Systems Analysis 16, 3-9.
Ackoff, R. L. (1996). “On Learning and the Systems that Facilitate it,” Center for Quality of Management Journal 5(2), 27-35.
Alter, S. (1999). Information Systems: A Management Perspective, 3rd Ed. Auckland, NZ: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
Argote, L., and P. Ingram. (2000). “Knowledge Transfer: A Basis for Competitive Advantage in Firms,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 82(1), 150-169.
Bellinger, G., D. Castro, and A. Mills. (2000). “Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom,” available at: http:/ /www.outsights.com/systems/dikw/dikw.htm.
Bellinger, G. (2000). “Knowledge Management — Emerging Perspectives,” available at: http://www.outsights.com/ systems/KMgmt/KMgmt.htm.
Bohn, R. E. (1997). “Measuring and Managing Technological Knowledge,” IEEE Engineering Management Review (Winter): 77-88.
Borman, M., and H. Williams. (1996). “Collaboration — More than the Exchange of Information,” Electronic Markets 6(2) 7-13.
Briggs, R. O., and J. F. Nunamaker, Jr. (1994). “Getting a Grip on Groupware,” in P. Lloyd (ed.), Groupware in the 21st Century: Computer Supported Cooperative Working Toward the Millennium, chapter 7. Westport, CN: Praeger Publishers, 61-72.
Brooking, A. (1996). Introduction to Intellectual Capital. Cambridge, England: The Knowledge Broker Ltd.
Dennis, A.R., J. S. Valacich, and J. F. Nunamaker, Jr. (1990b). “An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Group Size in an Electronic Meeting System Environment,” IEEE Transactions of Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 20(5), 1049-1057.
Desanctis, G., and R. B. Gallupe. (1987). “A Foundation for the Study of Group Decision Support Systems,” Management Science 33(5) 589-609.
Edvinsson, L., and P. Sullivan. (1996). “Developing a Model for Managing Intellectual Capital,” European Management Journal 14(4): 356-364.
Gallupe, B. D., A. Cooper, J. Valacich, Bastianutti, and J. F. Nunamaker, Jr. (1992). “Electronic Brainstorming and Group Size,” Academy of Management Journal 35(2) 350-369.
Holsapple, C. W., and K. D. Joshi. (1999). “Description and Analysis of Existing Knowledge Management Frameworks,” Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Hawai'i International Conference on System Sciences, Maui, HI, IEEE Computer Society Press.
Ives, W., B. Torrey, and C. Gordon. (1997). “Knowledge Management: An Emerging Discipline with a Long History,” Journal of Knowledge Management 1(4), 269-274.
Malone, T. W., and K. Crowston. (1994). “The Interdisciplinary Study of Coordination,” ACM Computing Surveys 26(1), 87-119.
Matthews, P. (1998). “What Lies Beyond Knowledge Management: Wisdom Creation and Versatility,” Journal of Knowledge Management 1(3), 207-214.
Merriam-Webster. (2001). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, available online at: http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary.
Niederman, F., and G. Crosetto. (1999). “Valuing the IT Workforce as Intellectual Capital,” Proceedings of the ACM SIGCPR Conference on Computer Personnel Research. New Orleans, LA: ACM Press.
Nunamaker, J. F., Jr., A. R. Dennis, J. S. Valacich, D. R. Vogel, and J. F. George. (1991). “Electronic Meeting Systems to Support Group Work: Theory and Practice at Arizona,” Communications of the ACM 34(7), 40-61.
Nunamaker, J. F., Jr., R. O. Briggs, D. D. Mittleman, and P. B. Balthazard. (1996). “Lessons from a Dozen Years of Group Support Systems Research: A Discussion of Lab and Field Findings,” Journal of Management Information Systems 13(3), 163-207.
Nunamaker, J., R. O. Briggs, and G. J. de Vreede. (2001). “From Information Technology to Value Creation Technology,” in G. Dickson and G. DeSanctis (eds.), Information technology and the New Enterprise: New Models for Managers, chapter 4. Prentice Hall, 102-124.
Quinn, J. B. (1992). Intelligent Enterprise. New York: Free Press.
Romano, N. C., Jr., J. F. Nunamaker, Jr., R. O. Briggs, and D. R. Vogel. (1998). “Architecture, Design, and Development of an HTML/JavaScript Web-Based Group Support System,” Journal of the American Society for Information Science (JASIS) 49(7), 649-667.
Sena, J. A., and A. B. Shani. (1999). “Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Creation: Towards an Alternative Framework,” in J. Liebowitz (ed.), Knowledge Management HandBook, chapter 8. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Senge, P. M. (1994). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization New York: Currency/Doubleday.
Simon, H. (1973). “The Structure of Ill Structured Problems,” Artificial Intelligence 4(1), 181-201.
Stewart, T. A. (1991). “Brain Power: How Intellectual Capital Is Becoming America's Most Valuable Asset,” Fortune 247, 44-60.
Toffler, A. (1991). Powershift. New York: Bantam Books.
Tuomi, I. (2000). “Data is More than Knowledge,” Journal of Management Information Systems 16(3) 103-117.
Valacich, J. S., A. R. Dennis, and J. F. Nunamaker, Jr. (1992). “Group Size and Anonymity Effects in an Electronic Meeting Systems Environment,” Small Group Research 23(1), 49-73.
van Heijst, G., R. Van Der Spek, and E. Kruizinga. (1997). “Corporate Memories as a Tool for Knowledge Management,” Expert Systems with Applications 13(1) 41-54.
Wiig, K. M. (1997). “Knowledge Management: Where Did It Come From and Where Will It Go?” Expert Systems with Applications 13(1), 1-14.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nunamaker, J.F., Romano, N.C. & Briggs, R.O. Increasing Intellectual Bandwidth: Generating Value from Intellectual Capital with Information Technology. Group Decision and Negotiation 11, 69–86 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015201126568
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015201126568