Skip to main content
Log in

Teaching Science to Students with Learning Disabilities: Subverting the Myths of Labeling Through Teachers' Caring and Enthusiasm

  • Published:
Research in Science Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse the role of a teacher's caring and enthusiasm in an inclusive science classroom. Using stories, interviews, and action research, it is revealed that this teacher's approach focuses on two major ideas: (a) Combining activity-oriented science curriculum with the building of caring relationships in her classroom; and (b) Developing enthusiasm for science and fulfilling students' personal purposes. A case study of one student labeled as “learning disabled” is analysed and provides evidence of his remarkable growth in terms of his academic and behavioral performance over a period of two years. Based on the results of this study a number of ways of subverting labeling are suggested and two qualitative hypotheses for further research in this area are proposed. The main suggestion of this study is that thinking behind labels in the context of an inclusive science classroom needs to be revised in light of the role of teacher caring.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Atwood, R. K. & Oldham, B. R. (1985). Teachers' perceptions of mainstreaming in an inquiry oriented elementary science program. Science Education, 69, 619-624.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bay, M., Staver, J. R., Bryan, T., & Hale, J. B. (1992). Science instruction for the mildly handicapped: Direct instruction versus discovery teaching. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 29, 555-570.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brigham, F. J., Scruggs, T. E., & Mastropieri, M. A. (1992). The effect of teacher enthusiasm on the learning and behaviour of learning disabled students. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 7, 68-73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brophy, J. & Good, T. (1974). Teacher-student relationships: Causes and consequences. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caseau, D. & Norman, K. (1997). Special education teachers use sciencetechnology-society (STS) themes to teach science to students with learning disabilities. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 8, 55-68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cawley, J. (1994). Science for students with disabilities. Remedial and Special Education, 15, 67-71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cochran-Smith, M. & Little, S. (1999). Relationships of knowledge and practice: Teacher learning in communities. In A. Iran-Nejad & P. D. Pearson (Eds.), Review of research in education, 24, 249-305. Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliot, J. (1991). Action research for educational change. Philadelphia: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fein, S. & Spencer, S. J. (1997). Prejudice as self-image maintenance: Affirming the self through derogating others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 31-44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilligan, C. (Ed.). (1988). Mapping the moral domain. Cambridge, MA: Center for the Study of Gender, Education and Human Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, B. & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, D. L., Sherman, S. J., & Ruvolo, C. M. (1990). Stereotype-based expectancies: Effects on information processing and social behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 46, 35-60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holahan, G. G., McFarland, J., & Piccillo, B. A. (1994). Elementary school science for students with disabilities. Remedial and Special Education, 15, 86-93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard, R. & Power, B. (1993). The art of classroom inquiry: A handbook for teacher-researchers. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jussim, L. & Fleming, C. (1996). Self-fulfilling prophecies and the maintenance of social stereotypes: The role of dyadic interactions and social forces. In C. N. Macrae, C. Stangor, & M. Hewstone (Eds.), Stereotypes and stereotyping (pp. 161-192). New York: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kemmis, S. & McTaggart, R. (Eds.). (1988). The action research planner (3rd ed.). Geelong: Deakin University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kliewer, C. & Biklen, D. (1996). Who wants to be called retarded? In W. Stainback & S. Stainback (Eds.), Controversial issues confronting special education: Divergent perspectives (pp. 83-95). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mastropieri, M. A. & Scruggs, T. E. (1992). Science for students with disabilities. Review of Educational Research, 62, 377-411.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mastropieri, M. A. & Scruggs, T. E. (1994). Text-based vs. activities-oriented science curricula for students with disabilities. Remedial and Special Education, 15, 34-43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mastropieri, M. A., Scruggs, T. E., & Bohs, K. (1994). Mainstreaming an emotionally handicapped student in science. A qualitative investigation. In T. E. Scruggs & M. A. Mastropieri (Eds.), Advances in learning and behavioral disabilities (Vol. 8, pp. 131-146). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mastropieri, M. A., Scruggs, T. E., & Butcher, K. (1997). How effective is inquiry learning for students with mild disabilities? The Journal of Special Education, 31, 199-211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mastropieri, M. A., Scruggs, T. E., Mantzicopoulos, P., Sturgeon, A., Goodwin, L., et al. (1998). "A place where living things affect and depend on each other": Qualitative and quantitative outcomes associated with inclusive science teaching. Science Education, 82, 163-180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noddings, N. (1984). Caring: A feminine approach to ethics and moral education. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noddings, N. (1992). The challenge to care in schools. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noddings, N. (1995). Teaching themes of care. Phi Delta Kappan, 76, 675-679.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noddings, N. (1996). The caring professional. In S. Gordon, P. Benner & N. Noddings (Eds.), Caregiving: Readings in knowledge, practice, ethics and politics (pp. 160-172). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noffke, S. & Stevenson, R. B. (1995). Educational action research: Becoming practically critical. New York and London: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patton, J. R. (1993). Individualising for science and social studies. In J. Wood (Ed.), Mainstreaming: A practical approach for teachers (2nd ed., pp. 366-413). Columbus, OH: Merill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patton, J. R. (1995). Teaching science to students with special needs. Teaching Exceptional Children, 27(4), 4-5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poplin,M. (1984). Summary, rationalisations, apologies and farewell:What we don't know about the learning disabled. Learning Disabilities Quarterly, 7, 133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rist, R. C. & Harrell, J. E. (1982). Labeling the learning disabled child: The social ecology of educational practice. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52, 146-160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, R. & Jacobson, L. (1968). Pygmalion in the classroom: Teacher expectation and pupil's intellectual development. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scruggs, T. E. & Mastropieri, M. A. (1993).Current approaches to science education: Implications for mainstream instruction for students with disabilities. Remedial and Special Education, 15, 15-24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scruggs, T. E. & Mastropieri, M. A. (1994a). Successful mainstreaming in elementary science classes: A qualitative study of three reputational cases. American Educational Research Journal, 31, 785-811.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scruggs, T. E. & Mastropieri, M. A. (1994b). The construction of scientific knowledge by students with mild disabilities. The Journal of Special Education, 28, 307-321.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scruggs, T. E. & Mastropieri, M. A. (1995). Science education for students with behavioral disorders. Education and Treatment of Children, 3, 322-334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scruggs, T. E. & Mastropieri, M. A. (1996). Teachers' perceptions of mainstreaming/ inclusion, 1958-1995:A research synthesis. Exceptional Children, 63, 59-74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scruggs, T. E., Mastropieri, M. A., & Boon, R. (1998). Science education for students with disabilities: A review of recent research. Studies in Science Education, 32, 21-44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scruggs, T. T., Mastropieri, M. A., Bakken, J. P., & Brigham, F. J. (1993). Reading vs. doing: The relative effects of textbook-based and inquiry oriented approaches to science education in special education classrooms. The Journal of Special Education, 27, 1-15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephan, W. (1999). Reducing prejudice and stereotyping in schools. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephan, W. G. & Stephan, C. W. (1996). Intergroup relations. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1994). Grounded theory methodology: An overview. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 273-285). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Sickle, M. & Spector, B. (1996). Caring relationships in science classrooms: A symbolic interaction study. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 33, 433-453.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, J. (2000). "Learning difficulties," "disability," and "special needs": Some problems of partisan conceptualisation. Disability & Society, 15, 817-824.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zembylas, M., Isenbarger, L. Teaching Science to Students with Learning Disabilities: Subverting the Myths of Labeling Through Teachers' Caring and Enthusiasm. Research in Science Education 32, 55–79 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015050706407

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015050706407

Keywords

Navigation