Abstract
Excitatory amino acids are known to induce considerable neurotoxicity in central nervous system. In the present study, the neurotoxicity was induced by application of kainate or AMPA in chick telencephalic neuron, and neuroprotective activity was tested with complestatin that was isolated from streptomyces species. In cultured telencephalic neurons exposed to 500 μM kainate for 2 days, the AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX, 5 μM) completely blocked kainate-induced neurotoxicity. Also, complestatin (0.5 μM) completely blocked kainate-induced neuronal injury at a concentration lower than that required for prototype AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist DNQX. In addition, complestatin blocked AMPA-induced neurotoxicity when the neurons were pretreated with cyclothiazide, a desensitization blocker of AMPA receptor. Surprisingly, when the onset of the treatment was delayed for 6 hours, complestatin led to a reduction in kainate-induced neuronal injury. While inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) by staurosporin induced neurotoxicity, that was blocked by complestatin. Activation of PKC by phorbol dibutyrate partially inhibited the kainate-induced neurotoxicity. These results suggest that complestatin may be used as an anti-excitotoxic agent and involved in the PKC activation contributing to inhibition of neurotoxicity.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Rothman, S. M. and Olney, J. W. 1986. Glutamate and the pathology of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Ann. Neurol. 19: 105–111.
Meldrum, B. S. 1992. Excitatory amino acids in epilepsy and potential novel theraphies. Epilepsy Res. 12:189–196.
Rothman, S. M. and Olney, J. W. 1987. Excitotoxicity and the NMDA receptor. Trends Neurosci. 10:299–302.
Choi, D. W. and Rothman, S. M. 1990. Excitotoxicity in neurodegenerative disorders. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 13:171–182.
Meldrum, B. S. and Garthwaite, J. 1990. Excitatory amino aicid neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disease. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 11:379–387.
Murphy, S. N. and Miller, R. J. 1989. Regulation of Ca2+ influx into striatal neurons by kainic acid. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 249:184–193.
Weiss, J. H., Hartley, D. H., Koh, J., and Choi, D. W. 1990. Nifedipine attenuates slow excitatory amino acid neurotoxicity. Science 247:1474–1476.
Nadler, J. V. 1979. Kainic acid: neurophysiological and neurotoxic actions. Life Sci. 24:289–300.
Nadler, J. V., Perry, B. W., and Cotman, C. W. 1978. Intraventricular kainic acid preferentially destroys hippocampal pyramidal cells. Nature 271:676–677.
Monaghan, D. T. Z and Cotman, C. W. 1982. The distribution of [3H]kainic acid binding sites in rat CNS as determined by autoradiography. Brain Res. 252:91–100.
Swan, J. H. and Meldrum, B. S. 1990. Protection by NMDA antagonists against selective cell loss following transient ischaemia. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 10:343–351.
Sheardown, M. J., Nielsen, E. O., Hansen, A. J., Jacobsen, P., and Honore, T. 1990. 2,3–Dihydroxy-6–nitro-7–sulfamoyl-benzo (F)quinoxaline: a neuroprotectant for cerebral ischemia. Science 247:571–574.
Li, H. and Buchan, A. M. 1993. Treatment with an AMPA antagonist 12 hours following severe normothermic forebrain ischemia prevents CA 1 neuronal injury. J. Cereb. Blood. Flow Metab. 13:933–939.
Kaneko, I., Fearon, D. T., and Austen, K. F. 1980. Inhibition of the alternative pathway of human complement in vitro by a natural microbial product, complestatin. J. Immunol. 124:1194–1198.
Yamamoto, T. and Taguchi, T. 1992. A muscle-derived factor antagonizes the neurotoxicity of glutamate in dissociated cell cultures of chick telencephalic neurons. Neurosci. Lett. 139:205–208.
Hamburger, V. and Hamilton, H. L. 1951. A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryos. J. Morphol. 88:49–92.
Cull-Candy, S. G. and Usowicz, M. M. 1987. Multiple-conductance channels activated by excitatory amino acids in cerebellar neurons. Nature 325:525–528.
Jahr, C. E. and Stevens, C. F. 1987. Glutamate activates multiple single channel conductance in hippocampal neurons. Nature 325:522–525.
Young, A. B. and Fagg, G. E. 1990. Excitatory amino acid receptors in the brain: membrane binding and receptor autoradiographic approaches. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 11:126–133.
Keinanen, K., Wisden, W., Sommer, B., Werner, P., Herb, A., Verdoorn, T. A., Sakmann, B. and Seeburg, P. H. 1990. A family of AMPA selective glutamate receptors. Science 249: 556–560.
Vyklicky, L. Jr., Patneau, D. K. and Mayer, M. L. 1991. Modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission by drugs that reduce desensitization at AMPA/kainate receptors. Neuron 7:971–984.
Patneau, D. K., Vyklicky, L. Jr., and Mayer, M. L. 1993. Hippocampal neurons exhibit cyclothizide-sensitive rapidly desensitising responses to kainate. J. Neurosci. 13:3496–3509.
Buchan, A. 1990. Do NMDA antagonists protect against cerebral ischemia: are clinical trials warranted? Cerebrovasc. Brain Metab. Rev. 2:1–26.
Meldrm, B. S. 1990. Protection against ischemic neuronal damage by drugs acting on excitatory neurotransmission. Cerebrovasc. Brain Metab. Rev. 2:27–57.
Pulsinelli, W., Sarokin, A., and Buchan, A. 1993. Antagonism of the NMDA and non-NMDA receptors in global versus focal brain ischemia. Prog. Brain Res. 96:125–135.
Buchan, A. M., Xue, D., Huang, Z. G., Smith, K. H., and Lesiuk, H. 1991. Delayed AMPA receptor blockade reduces cerebral infarction by focal ischemia. Neuroreport 2:473–476.
Siman, R., Noszek, J. C., and Kegerise, C. 1989. Calpain I activation is specifically related to excitatory amino acid induction of hippocampal damage, J. Neurosci. 9:1579–1590.
Dawson, V. L., Dawson, T. M., London, E. D., Bredt, D. S., and Snyder, S. H. 1991. Nitric oxide mediates glutamate neurotoxicity in primary cortical cultures. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:6368–6371.
Lafon-Cazal, M., Pietri, S., Culcasi, M., and Bockaert, J. 1993. NMDA-dependent superoxide production and neurotoxicity. Nature 364:535–537.
Dumuis, A., Sebben, M., Haynes, L., Pin, J. P., and Bockaert, J. 1988. NMDA receptors activate the arachidonic acid cascade system in spatial neurones. Nature 336:68–70.
Churn, S. B., Sombati, S., Taft, W. C., and DeLorenzo, R. J. 1993. Excitotoxicity affects membrane potential and calmodulin kinase II activity in cultured rat cortical neurons. Stroke 24: 271–278.
Mattson, M. P., Dou, P., and Kater, S. B. 1988. Outgrowth-regulating actions of glutamate in isolated hippocampal pyramidal neurons. J. Neurosci. 8:2087–2100.
Balazs, R., Hack, N., and Jorgensen, O. S. 1990. Selective stimulation of excitatory amino acid receptor subtypes and survival of cerebellar granule cells in culture: effect of kainic acid. Neuroscience 37:251–258.
Pruss, R. M. and Stauderman, K. A. 1988. Voltage regulated calcium channels involved in the regulation of enkephalin synthesis are blocked by phorbol ester. J. Biol. Chem. 263:13173–13178.
Sheng, M., Thompson, M. A., and Greenberg, M. E. 1991. CREB: a Ca2+-regulated transcription factor phosphorylated by calmodulin-dependent kinases. Science 252:1427–1430.
Cambray-Deakin, M. A. and Burgoyne, R. D. 1990. Regulation of neurite outgrowth from cerebellar granule cells in culture: NMDA receptors and protein kinase C. In Excitatory amino acids and neuronal plasticity (Ben-Ari, ed), pp. 245–253. Plenum Press, New York.
Durkin, J. P., Tremblay, R., Chakravarthy, B., Mealing, G., Morley, P., Small, D., and Song, D. 1977. Evidence that the early loss of membrane protein kinase C is a necessary step in the excitatory amino acid-induced death of primary cortical neurons. J. Neurochem. 68:1400–1412.
Maher, P. 2001. How protein kinase C activation protects nerve cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death. J. Neurosci. 21:2929–2938.
Deacon, E. M., Pongracz, J., Griffiths, G., and Lord, J. M. 1997. Isozymes of protein kinase C: differential involvement in apoptosis and pathogenesis. J. Clin. Pathol. 50:124–131.
Konishi, H., Matsuzaki, H., Takaishi, H., Yamamoto, T., Fukunaga, M., Ono, Y., and Kikkawa, U. 1999. Opposing effects of protein kinase Cδ and protein kinase Bα on H2O2-induced apoptosis in CHO cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 264: 840–846.
Ghayur, T., Hugunin, M., Talanian, R. V., Ratnofski, W., Quinlan, C., Emoto, Y., Pandey, P., Datta, R., Huang, Y., Khabanda, S., Allen, H., Kamen, R., Wong, W., and Kufe, D. 1996. Proteolytic activation of protein kinase C delta by an ICE/CED 3–like protease induces characteristics of apoptosis. J. Exp. Med. 184: 2399–2404.
Li, L., Lorenzo, P. S., Bogi, K., Blumberg, P. M., and Yuspa, S. H. 1999. Protein kinase Cδ targets mitochondria, alters mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces apoptosis is normal and neoplastic keratinocytes when overexpressed by an adenoviral vector. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:8547–8558.
Seo, S. Y., Yun, B. S., Ryoo, I. J., Choi, J. S., Jpp, C. K., Chang, S. Y., Chung, J. M., Oh, S., Gwag, B. J., and Yoo, I. D. 2001. Complestatin is a noncompetitive peptide antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate and α-amino-3–hydroxy-5–methyl-4–isoxazolepropioinic acid/kainite receptors: secure blockade of ischemic neuronal death. J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 299:377–384.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yoo, I.D., Yun, B.S., Ryoo, I.J. et al. Complestatin Antagonizes the AMPA/Kainate-Induced Neurotoxicity in Cultured Chick Telencephalic Neurons. Neurochem Res 27, 337–343 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014919531306
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014919531306