Abstract
The cytological expression of spontaneous mutation sy2 isolated from a population of weedy rye was examined. It was demonstrated that the primary defect of meiosis in the mutant plants is nonhomologous synapsis, which occurs simultaneously with the homologous one. An electron microscope study of the synaptonemal complex (SC) at prophase I showed synaptic abnormalities that were manifested as “switches” of synapting axial elements to the nonhomologous partner and the formation of foldbacks of lateral SC elements. The sy2 mutants are characterized by one to two such events per meiocyte. Nonhomologous synapsis leads to the appearance of univalents at metaphase I (on average 4.16 ± 0.002 per meiocyte) and multivalents (on average 0.12 ± 0.007 per meiocyte). The presence of multivalents in 12% of meiocytes at metaphase I may result from recombination in ectopic regions of homology. It is suggested that the sy2 mutation impairs a component of the system that limits synapsis in meiocytes to only homologous chromosome pairs.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Roeder, G.S., Meiotic Chromosomes: It Takes Two to Tango, Genes Dev., 1997, vol. 11, pp. 2600-2621.
Walker, M.Y. and Hawley, R.S., Hanging on to Your Homolog: The Roles of Pairing, Synapsis and Recombination in Maintenance of Homolog Adhesion, Chromosoma, 2000, vol. 109, pp. 3-9.
Van Heemst, D. and Heyting, C., Sister Chromatid Cohesion and Recombination in Meiosis, Chromosoma, 2000, vol. 109, pp. 10-26.
Santos, J.L., The Relationship between Synapsis and Recombination: Two Different Views, Heredity, 1998, vol. 82, pp. 1-6.
Hawley, R.S. and Arbel, T., Yeast Genetics and the Fall of the Classical View of Meiosis, Cell (Cambridge, Mass.), 1993, vol. 72, pp. 301-303.
Golubovskaya, I.N., The Genetic Control of Meiosis, Int. Rev. Cytol., 1979, vol. 58, pp. 247-290.
Backer, B.S., Carpenter, A.T.C., Esposito, M.S., et al., The Genetical Control of Meiosis, Annu. Rev. Genet., 1976, vol. 10, pp. 53-134.
Gottschalk, W. and Kaul, M.L.H., Asynapsis and Desynapsis in Flowering Plants: II. Desynapsis, Nucleus, 1980, vol. 23, nos. 1–2, pp. 97-120
Koduru, P.R.K. and Rao, M.K., Cytogenetics of Synaptic Mutants in Higher Plant Meiosis, Theor. Appl. Genet., 1985, vol. 70, no. 5, pp. 449-466.
Sosnikhina, S.P., Fedotova, Yu.S., Smirnov, V.G., et al., Study of the Genetic Control of Meiosis in Rye, Genetika (Moscow), 1994, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 1043-1056.
Fedotova, Yu.S., Kolomiets, O.L., and Bogdanov, Yu.F., Electron Microscopic Analysis of Meiosis Prophase in Rye Mutants with Disturbed Chromosome Synapsis, Genetika (Moscow), 1989, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 462-468.
Sosnikhina, S.P., Smirnov, V.G., Mikhailova, E.I., and Egorova, L.F., Disturbance of Homologous Synapsis in Meiotic Mutants of Diploid Rye, Genetika (Moscow), 1994, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 488-499.
Fedotova, Yu.S., Bogdanov, Yu.F., Gadzhieva, S.A., et al., Meiotic Mutants of Rye Secale cereale L.: II. Non-Homologous Synapsis in Desynaptic Mutants sy7 and sy10, Theor. Appl. Genet., 1994, vol. 88, pp. 1029-1036.
Jenkins, G. and Okumus, A., Indiscriminate Synapsis in Achiasmate Allium fistulosum L. (Liliaceae), J. Cell. Sci., 1992, vol. 103, pp. 415-422.
Timofeeva, L.P. and Golubovskaya, I.N., A New Desynaptic Gene Type Revealed in Maize by Microdissection of Synaptonemal Complexes, Tsitologiya, 1991, vol. 33, pp. 3-8.
Golubovskaya, I.N., Grebennikova, Z.K., Auger, D.L., and Sheridan, W.F., The Maize desynaptic 1 Mutation Disrupts Meiotic Chromosome Synapsis, Dev. Genet., 1997, vol. 21, pp. 146-159.
Baker, S.M., Bronner, C.E., Zhang, L., et al., Male Mice Defective in the DNA Mismatch Repair Gene PMS2 Exhibit Abnormal Chromosome Synapsis in Meiosis, Cell (Cambridge, Mass.), 1995, vol. 82, pp. 309-319.
Sosnikhina, S.P., Kirillova, G.A., Mikhailova, E.I., et al., Genetic Control of Meiotic Chromosome Synapsis in Rye Secale cereale L.: The sy19 Gene Causing Heterologous Synapsis, Genetika (Moscow), 2001, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 81-90.
Nairz, T.Q. and Klein, F., mre11S, a Yeast Mutation That Blocks Double-Strand-Break Processing and Permits Nonhomologous Synapsis in Meiosis, Genes Dev., 1997, vol. 11, pp. 2272-2290.
Jun-Yi Leu, Chua, P.R., and Roeder, G.S., The Meiosis-Specific Hop2 Protein of S. cerevisiae Ensures Synapsis between Homologous Chromosomes, Cell (Cambridge, Mass.), 1998, vol. 94, pp. 375-386.
Gerecke, E.E. and Zolan, M.E., An mre11 Mutant of Corpinus cinereus Has Defects in Meiotic Chromosome Pairing, Condensation and Synapsis, Genetics, 2000, vol. 154, pp. 1125-1139.
Gobbe, M. and Heck, M.M.S., Review: SMCs in the World of Chromosome Biology—From Prokaryotes to Eukaryotes, J. Struct. Biol., 2000, vol. 129, pp. 123-143.
Maguire, M.P., Paredes, A.M., and Riess, R.W., The Desynaptic Mutants of Maize as a Combined Defect of Synaptonemal Complex and Chiasmata Maintenance, Genome, 1991, vol. 34, pp. 879-887.
De Jong, J.H., Havekes, F., Roca, A., and Naranjo, T., Synapsis and Chiasmata Formation in Ditelo-Substitute Haploid of Rye, Genome, 1991, vol. 34, pp. 109-120.
Moses, M.J., Poorman, P.A., Roderick, T.H., and Davis-son, M.T., Synaptonemal Complex Analysis of Mouse Chromosomal Rearrangements: IV. Synapsis and Synaptic Adjustment in Two Paracentric Inversions, Chromosoma, 1982, vol. 84, pp. 457-477.
Fedotova, Yu.S., Kolomiets, O.L., and Gadzhieva, S.A., Electron Microscopic Analysis of Total Preparations of the Synaptonemal Complexes of Rye Heterozygous for a Paracentric Inversion, Tsitologiya, 1991, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 3-12.
Anderson, L.K., Stack, S.M., and Sherman, I.M., Spreading Synaptonemal Complexes from Zea mays: I. No Synaptic Adjustment of Inversion Loops during Pachytene, Chromosoma, 1988, vol. 96, pp. 295-305.
Jenkins, G., Chromosome Pairing in Triticum aestivum c.v. Chinese Spring, Carlsberg Res. Commun., 1992, vol. 53, pp. 191-208.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sosnikhina, S.P., Kirillova, G.A., Tikholiz, O.A. et al. The Expression of Mutation sy2 Causing Nonhomologous Synapsis in Meiosis of Diploid Rye Secale cereale L.. Russian Journal of Genetics 38, 156–164 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014382027071
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014382027071